Subjects n | 29 249 | 6058 | 83 023 | 12 551 | 214 | 9981 | 141 076 |
Age years | 45 (43–49) | 48 (45–51) | 60 (56–64) | 61 (55–64) | 57 (51–63) | 61 (55–64) | 58 (50–63) |
Age at menarche years# | 13 (12–14) | 13 (12–14) | 13 (12–14) | 13 (12–14) | 13 (12–14) | 13 (12–14) | 13 (12–14) |
Age at cessation of menstruation years¶ | | | 51 (48–53) | 41 (38–45) | 44 (37–50) | 46 (41–50) | |
Ethnicity | | | | | | | |
Caucasian | 92.4 | 95.3 | 96.3 | 96.0 | 92.1 | 95.6 | 95.8 |
Non-Caucasian | 7.6 | 4.7 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 7.9 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
Standing height cm+ | 164 (160–168) | 164 (160–168) | 162 (158–166) | 162 (158–166) | 161 (158–166) | 162 (157–166) | 162 (158–167) |
BMI kg·m−2§ | 25.3 (22.8–28.8) | 25.7 (23.0–29.6) | 26.0 (23.5–29.3) | 27.1 (24.4–30.7) | 26.0 (23.7–30.3) | 27.2 (24.3–30.9) | 26.0 (23.4–29.5) |
Oral contraceptive (ever) useƒ | 89.2 | 92.2 | 79.3 | 80.3 | 78.9 | 78.9 | 82.0 |
Hormone replacement therapy## | | | | | | | |
Never used | 96.7 | 95.5 | 55.3 | 39.7 | 51.6 | 14.8 | 61.3 |
Ex-user | 1.9 | 3.2 | 39.6 | 49.2 | 40.4 | 64.6 | 32.9 |
Current user | 1.4 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 11.1 | 8.0 | 20.6 | 5.8 |
Live births¶¶ | | | | | | | |
0 | 25.4 | 25.3 | 16.2 | 10.4 | 22.0 | 15.4 | 17.9 |
1–2 | 55.1 | 55.9 | 58.8 | 59.3 | 49.5 | 58.0 | 58.0 |
3–4 | 18.4 | 17.7 | 23.5 | 28.2 | 26.2 | 24.9 | 22.7 |
≥5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
Smoking status++ | | | | | | | |
Lifetime nonsmoker | 64.5 | 64.7 | 58.2 | 57.8 | 55.4 | 57.3 | 59.7 |
Ex-smoker | 25.4 | 25.6 | 33.9 | 33.0 | 34.6 | 33.3 | 31.6 |
Current smoker | 10.1 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 8.7 |
Pack-years§§ | 12.8 (6.8–21.0) | 13.0 (6.5–22.0) | 18.0 (9.0–30.0) | 19.0 (10.0–30.8) | 22.0 (10.5–30.0) | 19.5 (10.0–31.7) | 16.5 (8.5–28.0) |
Townsend deprivation indexƒƒ | −1.9 (−3.5–0.8) | −2.2 (−3.6–0.4) | −2.3 (−3.7–0.0) | −2.3 (−3.7–0.2) | −2.1 (−3.7–0.7) | −2.3 (−3.7–0.3) | −2.2 (−3.7–0.2) |
FVC L | 3.51 (3.14–3.91) | 3.45 (3.09–3.84) | 3.02 (2.66–3.40) | 3.01 (2.64–3.40) | 3.02 (2.60–3.44) | 2.98 (2.62–3.37) | 3.13 (2.74–3.55) |
FVC % pred | 96.1 (87.6–104.7) | 95.6 (86.6–104.2) | 93.5 (84.2–102.7) | 92.7 (83.5–102.0) | 91.8 (81.1–101.6) | 92.5 (83.0–101.7) | 94.0 (84.8–103.1) |
FEV1 L | 2.75 (2.44–3.05) | 2.70 (2.40–3.00) | 2.30 (2.00–2.61) | 2.30 (2.00–2.61) | 2.32 (1.97–2.67) | 2.28 (1.98–2.59) | 2.40 (2.08–2.74) |
FEV1 % pred | 93.9 (84.9–102.6) | 93.6 (84.5–102.4) | 92.2 (81.9–101.9) | 91.7 (81.6–101.5) | 92.1 (79.5–101.8) | 91.4 (81.2–101.3) | 92.5 (82.5–102.0) |
FVC <LLN | 12.3 | 13.3 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 22.4 | 17.6 | 15.0 |
FEV1/FVC <LLN | 8.9 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 7.9 | 8.6 |
Doctor-diagnosed asthma | 13.1 | 13.6 | 11.4 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 13.9 | 12.3 |
Wheeze in last year | 16.6 | 16.7 | 17.1 | 22.2 | 24.6 | 21.6 | 17.8 |
Doctor-diagnosed COPD | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.30 | 0.26 |