Bischoff [5] | The Netherlands | 165 | 2004 | General practice | 0.3 ≤FEV1/FVC <0.7, no stability criteria | Usual care (contact with general practitioner) | 1) 2–4 individual sessions by nurse, action plan, follow-up 6 telephone calls 2) 2–4 routine monitoring sessions by nurse | 24 | HRQoL | 6, 12 |
Bourbeau [8] | Canada | 191 | 1998 | Clinic/ hospital | 0.25 <FEV1 % pred <0.7, ≥1 exacerbation in last year | Usual care (contact with general practitioner or specialist, access to provincial health programme) | 7 individual sessions by nurse/respiratory therapist/physiotherapist, 1 physical exercise session, workbook, action plan, follow-up monthly telephone calls | 12 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (AC and respiratory related) | 12 |
Bucknall [6] | UK | 464 | 2007 | Clinic/ hospital | FEV1/FVC <0.7, post-exacerbation hospitalisation | Usual care (contact with general practitioner, specialists or both, access to 24 h helpline) | 4 individual home visits by nurse, action plan, follow-up by home visits at least every 6 weeks | 12 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (AC and respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |
Casas [33] | Belgium/Spain | 155 | 2005 | Clinic/ hospital | Confirmed COPD, post-exacerbation hospitalisation | Usual care (contact with general practitioner) | 1 individual session, minimally 1 home visit by nurse/physician, action plan, follow-up 4 telephone calls | 1 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |
Coultas [28] | USA | 217 | 2000 | General practice | FEV1/FVC <0.7, no stability criteria | Enhanced usual care (two additional educational booklets for COPD) | 1) 1 individual session by nurse, follow-up 6 telephone calls 2) 1 individual session by nurse, follow-up 7 telephone calls | 6 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (AC and respiratory related), mortality | 6 |
Effing [29] | The Netherlands | 153 | 2004 | Clinic/ hospital | 0.25 ≤FEV1 % pred <0.8, stable for ≥1 month | Enhanced usual care (4 group sessions on self-management, booklet on self-management, access to helpline) | 1) 4 group sessions by nurse/physiotherapist, action plan, physical training for 11 months, follow-up 3 telephone calls 2) 4 group sessions by nurse/ physiotherapist, action plan, follow-up 3 telephone calls 3) 4 group sessions by nurse/ physiotherapist, physical training for 11 months | 12 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |
Gallefoss [34] | Norway | 53 | 1994 | Clinic/ hospital | 0.4 ≤FEV1 % pred <0.8, no stability criteria | Usual care (contact with general practitioner) | 2 group sessions, minimally 2 individual sessions by multidisciplinary team, action plan | 0.5 | Hospitalisations (respiratory related) | 12 |
McGeoch [35] | New-Zealand | 161 | 2002 | General practice | FEV1/FVC <0.7, ≥1 exacerbation in last year | Usual care (contact with general practitioner, not standardised education by practices, access to action plan denied) | 1 individual session by nurse, action plan | 1 day | HRQoL, Hospitalisations (AC and respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |
Monninkhof [36] | The Netherlands | 248 | 1999 | Clinic/ hospital | 0.25 ≤FEV1 % pred <0.8, stable for ≥1 month | Enhanced usual care (contact with general practitioner, smoking cessation programme, inhalation instructions, access to helpline) | 5 group sessions by nurse/physiotherapist, action plan, physical training programme for 2 years | 4 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |
Nguyen [30] | USA | 125 | 2007 | Combination | FEV1/FVC <0.7, stable for ≥1 month | Enhanced usual care (home visit, monthly group sessions on general health education, biweekly telephone calls) | 1) 1 home visit, 6 group sessions by nurse, educational booklet, follow-up biweekly telephone calls 2) 1 home visit, 6 text chat sessions with nurse, digital learning modules, follow-up biweekly e-mails | 12 | HRQoL | 6, 12 |
Rice [9] | USA | 743 | 2004 | Clinic/ hospital | Confirmed COPD, ≥1 exacerbation in last year | Usual care (including a hand-out on COPD and access to 24 h helpline) | 1 group session by respiratory therapist, individualised action plan, follow-up monthly telephone calls | 12 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (AC and respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |
Taylor [37] | UK | 116 | 2007 | General practice | FEV1 <0.8% pred, ≥1 exacerbation in last year | Usual care (not standardised, contact with general practitioner or specialists) | 7 group sessions by lay peer tutor, action plan | 1.6 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (respiratory related), mortality | 6 |
Trappen-burg [38] | The Netherlands | 233 | 2008 | Combi-nation | FEV1/FVC <0.7, no stability criteria | Usual care (not standardised, contact with respiratory nurse and general practitioner, possible referral to physiotherapist/dietician) | 1 individual session by nurse, action plan, follow-up 2 telephone calls | 4 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (respiratory related), mortality | 6 |
Zwar [39] | Australia | 258 | 2002 | General practice | FEV1/FVC <0.7, ≥1 exacerbation in last year | Usual care (contact with general practitioner, written COPD guidelines) | 2 home visits by nurse, 2 visits to physician, action plan, follow-up 5 telephone calls | 6 | HRQoL, hospitalisations (AC and respiratory related), mortality | 6, 12 |