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The use of immunohistochemical stains to identify Langerhans cells in pulmonary histiocytosis

Hollie Bancroft, Roy Stewart, Babu Naidu, Simon Trotter
European Respiratory Journal 2015 46: PA3886; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA3886
Hollie Bancroft
3Thoracic Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Roy Stewart
2School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Babu Naidu
3Thoracic Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Simon Trotter
1Histopathology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Introduction: Pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare idiopathic pulmonary disease. Langerin, CD1a and S-100 have been proposed as immunohistochemical markers to identify Langerhans cells (LCs) in PLCH, but there are limited data on the role of langerin as a selective marker in detecting LCs.

Aims: To evaluate the role of CD1a, S-100 and langerin as diagnostic markers in the detection of LCs.

Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded lung resections were collected from patients with PLCH and compared with tissue from control patients. Tissue immunoreactivity was assessed using CD1a, S-100, and langerin by automated immunohistochemistry, using a scoring system to characterise each diagnostic marker. Data are described using descriptive statistics, and compared using the chi-squared test.

Results: 36 cases (17 PLCH, 19 controls) were tested. Langerin was moderately or strongly expressed in 17 (100%) and 7 (37%) of patients in the PLCH and control group respectively (p<0.0001). More patients in the PLCH group had strong staining for Langerin (n=13, 76%) compared with CD1a (n=4, 24%) and S-100 (n=1, 6%) (p<0.001). In contrast, the number of patients with strong staining in the control group was similar between each of the markers (p=0.53).

Conclusion: Langerin may be a more useful marker, compared with CD1a and S-100, in identifying PLCH. Further research and a cost analysis are needed to evaluate whether langerin should replace CD1a and S-100 as a diagnostic test for PLCH.

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Table one: Assessment of staining in PLCH patients

  • Dentritic cell
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The use of immunohistochemical stains to identify Langerhans cells in pulmonary histiocytosis
Hollie Bancroft, Roy Stewart, Babu Naidu, Simon Trotter
European Respiratory Journal Sep 2015, 46 (suppl 59) PA3886; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA3886

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The use of immunohistochemical stains to identify Langerhans cells in pulmonary histiocytosis
Hollie Bancroft, Roy Stewart, Babu Naidu, Simon Trotter
European Respiratory Journal Sep 2015, 46 (suppl 59) PA3886; DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.PA3886
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