Breathomics can discriminate between anti IgE-treated and non-treated severe asthma adults

Abstract

Rationale: Omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, is indicated in adults with severe persistent allergic asthma. Exhaled molecular markers can provide phenotypic information in asthma.

Objectives: Determine whether adults with severe asthma on omalizumab (anti-IgE⁺) have a different breathprint compared with those who were not on anti-IgE therapy (anti-IgE^-) as assessed by eNoses and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (breathomics).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of the U-BIOPRED adult cohort. Severe asthma was defined by IMI-criteria [Bel, Thorax 2011]. Anti-IgE⁺ patients were on a regular treatment with s.c. omalizumab (150-375 mg) every 2-4 weeks. Exhaled volatile compounds trapped on adsorption tubes were analysed by a centralized eNose platform (Owlstone Lonestar, two Cyranose 320, Comon Invent, Tor Vergata TEN), including a total of 190 sensors, and GC/MS. Recursive feature elimination (http://topepo.github.io/caret/rfe.html) was used for feature selection and random forests, more robust to overfitting, for classification.

Results: 9 anti-IgE⁺ (females/males 2/7, age 52.6±16.3 years, mean±SD, 1/2/6 current/ex/nonsmokers, pre-bronchodilator FEV₁ 70.6±21.1% predicted value) and 30 anti-IgE^- patients (18/12 females/males, age 53.2±14.2 years, 0/16/14 current/ex/nonsmokers, pre-bronchodilator FEV₁ 59.6±30.7% predicted value) were studied. Accuracy of classification is shown in Table 1.

Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest that breathomics can distinguish between anti-IgE⁺ and anti-IgE^- severe asthma patients.