Subjects n | 68 | 25 | | 21 | | 374 | |
Age years | 68.0±6.14 | 67.6±6.28 | 0.62 | 66.1±7.65 | 0.30 | 65.5±7.44 | 0.016 |
Sex male/female | 47 (69.1)/
21 (30.9) | 20 (80.0)/
5 (20.0) | 0.44 | 20 (81.0)/
4 (19.0) | 0.41 | 267 (71.4)/
107 (28.6) | 0.77 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 31.4±5.12 | 32.8±2.87 | 0.051 | 30.4±4.81 | 0.54 | 29.2±4.38 | <0.001 |
Smoking status | | | 0.10 | | 0.76 | | 0.78 |
Never | 22 (32.4) | 4 (16.0) | | 5 (23.8) | | 124 (33.2) | |
Current | 2 (2.9) | 3 (12.0) | | 0 | | 7 (1.9) | |
Former | 44 (64.7) | 18 (72.0) | | 16 (76.2) | | 243 (65.0) | |
Ethnicity | | | 0.32 | | 0.46 | | 0.20 |
American Indian | 1 (1.5) | 0 | | 0 | | 1 (0.3) | |
Asian | 0 | 0 | | 1 (4.8) | | 4 (1.1) | |
Black or African heritage | 1 (1.5) | 0 | | 0 | | 0 | |
Collection of data not permitted | 0 | 0 | | 0 | | 3 (0.8) | |
Other | 7 (10.3) | 0 | | 1 (4.8) | | 34 (9.1) | |
White | 59 (86.8) | 25 (100) | | 19 (90.5) | | 332 (88.8) | |
FEV1 % predicted | 74.1±14.38 | 77.0±11.95 | 0.23 | 75.9±15.31 | 0.67 | 76.6±15.0 | 0.12 |
FVC % predicted | 66.9 (12.09) | 69.9 (11.42) | 0.18 | 68.2 (12.07) | 0.66 | 69.5 (13.78) | 0.12 |
DLCO % predicted¶ | 39.1±14.78 | 40.5 (11.97) | 0.41 | 43.5±9.65 | 0.064 | 44.1±13.69 | 0.002 |
6MWD m | 356±131.3 | 372±108.3 | 0.78 | 400±96.4 | 0.16 | 427±115.8 | <0.001 |
Residual volume % predicted | 62±27.0 | 55±19.4 | 0.38 | 54±20.5 | 0.25 | 61±22.9 | 0.88 |
Resting % O2 saturation | 88±20 | 90±20.8 | 0.039 | 92±16.5 | 0.013 | 89±21.8 | <0.001 |
Lowest % O2 saturation on exercise | 84±5.8 | 88±6.3 | 0.008 | 87±5.7 | 0.027 | 89±5.3 | <0.001 |
Cardiac output L·min−1 | 5.26±1.31 | 5.58±1.58 | 0.65 | 5.2±1.27 | 0.95 | 5.42±1.49 | 0.47 |
Cardiac index L·min−1·m−2 | 2.7±0.68 | 2.6±0.71 | 0.5 | 2.6±0.52 | 0.44 | 2.8±0.77 | 0.53 |
Mean PAP mmHg | 29.6±7.53 | 33.4±7.35 | 0.002 | 21.9±1.90 | <0.001 | 17.7±3.82 | <0.001 |
Pulmonary vascular resistance mmHg·L−1·min | 3.9±3.09 | 2.6±1.46 | >0.001 | 1.0±0.51 | <0.001 | 1.8±0.90 | <0.001 |