Figures
- Figure 1–
Primary nasal epithelial cells in a monolayer culture.
- Figure 2–
Protein expression of a) CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), b) catalase and c) glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in primary nasal epithelial cells. Lines represent the mean and bars SEM. Down syndrome: n=10 (for catalase n=12); controls: n=10.
- Figure 3–
a) Intracellular oxidative stress as measured by 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence is increased in H292 cells after exposure to 0–0.5–1.0 mM of xanthine and 0–40–80 mU·mL−1 of xanthine oxidase (XO). b) Intracellular oxidative stress as measured by DCFDA fluorescence is increased in H292 cells after 3 h of exposure to 200 μM of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP). There is no increase in DCFDA fluorescence when the cells have been simultaneously incubated with 2 mM of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC).
- Figure 4–
Percentage of a) annexin-V positive (AnV), b) propidium iodide positive (PI) and c) both AnV- and PI-positive primary nasal epithelial cells after exposure to 0–0.2–0.5 mM xanthine and 0–16–40 mU·mL−1 xanthine oxidase for 3 h. Lines represent median with interquartile range. Down syndrome: n=9; controls: n=13.
- Figure 5–
Levels of a) interleukin (IL)-1β, b) IL-6, c) IL-8, d) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), e) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) andf) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in supernatant of primary nasal epithelial cells after exposure to 0–6–25–100 μM carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) for 24 h. Box plots represent median, first and third quartiles, and range. Down syndrome: n=10; controls: n=15.
Tables
- Table 1– Patient characteristics
Control Down syndrome p-value Subjects n 17 12 Age years median (IQR) 9.6 (5.8) 10.7 (3.7) 0.95 Males n (%) 12 (70.6) 10 (83.3) 0.67 IQR: interquartile range.
Supplementary material
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