Abstract
The phenotype and outcome of severe pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is described in small numbers, and predictors of survival are unknown. Data was retrieved for 101 consecutive, treatment-naïve cases of pulmonary hypertension in COPD.
Mean±sd follow-up was 2.3±1.9 years. 59 patients with COPD and severe pulmonary hypertension, defined by catheter mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥40 mmHg, had significantly lower carbon monoxide diffusion, less severe airflow obstruction but not significantly different emphysema scores on computed tomography compared to 42 patients with mild–moderate pulmonary hypertension. 1- and 3-year survival for severe pulmonary hypertension, at 70% and 33%, respectively, was inferior to 83% and 55%, respectively, for mild–moderate pulmonary hypertension. Mixed venous oxygen saturation, carbon monoxide diffusion, World Health Organization functional class and age, but not severity of airflow obstruction, were independent predictors of outcome. Compassionate treatment with targeted therapies in 43 patients with severe pulmonary hypertension was not associated with a survival benefit, although improvement in functional class and/or fall in pulmonary vascular resistance >20% following treatment identified patients with improved survival.
Standard prognostic markers in COPD have limited value in patients with pulmonary hypertension. This study identifies variables that predict outcome in this phenotype. Despite poor prognosis, our data suggest that further evaluation of targeted therapies is warranted.
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- computed tomography
- emphysema
- prognosis
- pulmonary hypertension
- respiratory function tests
Footnotes
For editorial comments see page 1241.
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Support Statement
This work was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Actelion pharmaceuticals (J. Hurdman); Medical Research Council Career Development Award [grant number G0800318] (A. Lawrie); the National Institute for Health Research Sheffield Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit (R. Condliffe, C.A. Elliot, A. Swift, J.M. Wild, I. Sabroe, D.G. Kiely).
Statement of Interest
Conflict of interest information can be found alongside the online version of this article at www.erj.ersjournals.com
- Received May 18, 2012.
- Accepted August 23, 2012.
- ©ERS 2013