Wagena [25] | Population based the Netherlands RCT, double blind, placebo controlled | 12 weeks/ 6 months | I1: bupropion I2: nortriptyline C: placebo All groups: individual face-to-face counselling + supportive telephone calls | 255 | Prolonged abstinence, week 4 to 26/urinary cotinine <60 ng·mL−1 | I1: 24/86 (27.9) I2: 20/80 (25.0) C3: 13/89 (14.6) | I1 versus C: 1.9 (1.0–3.5) I2 versus C: 1.7 (0.9–3.2) I1 versus I2: 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 9 |
TØnnesen [9] | Hospital outpatients Denmark RCT, placebo controlled | 1 yr/1 yr | I1: nicotine sublingual tablet + low support I2: nicotine sublingual tablet + high support I3: placebo sublingual tablet + high support C: placebo sublingual tablet + low support | 370 | Sustained abstinence, week 2 to 52/CO <10 ppm | NRT versus placebo: NRT 26/185 (14.1) Placebo 10/185 (5.4) High versus low support: high 19/187 (10.2) low 17/183 (9.3) | NRT versus placebo: 2.6 (1.3–5.2) High versus low support: 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 5 |
Christenhusz [43, 44] | Hospital outpatients the Netherlands RCT | 3 months/1 yr | I: SST C: MIS for lung patients | 225 | Continuous abstinence, 1 yr/salivary cotinine <20 ng·mL−1 | I: 20/114 (17.5) C: 9/111 (8.1) | 2.2 (1.0–4.5) | 3 |
Wilson [37] | Hospital outpatients Ireland RCT | 5 weeks/1 yr | I1: individual support, 5 individual sessions with nurse + free NRT offered I2: group support, brief advice to stop smoking, 5 group sessions with nurse + free NRT offered C: usual care, brief advice to stop smoking | 91 | Complete cessation, 1 yr/CO measurement ≤10 ppm + salivary cotinine ≤10 ng·mL−1 | C: 0 I1: 0 I2: 0 | ns | 4 |
Borglykke [45] | Hospitalised patients Denmark RCT | 5 weeks/1 yr | C: no additional intervention I: participation in smoking cessation group, weekly 2-h sessions, 5 weeks All groups: information on benefit of smoking cessation at admission | 223 | Point abstinence, 1 yr/COHb <2% | C: 13/102 (12.7) I: 36/121 (29.8) | 2.3 (1.3–4.2) | 5 |
Kotz [39] | Population based the Netherlands RCT | 4 weeks/1 yr | C: usual care I1: confrontational counselling by nurse + nortriptyline I2: health education and promotion by nurse + nortriptyline | 296 | Prolonged abstinence, week 5 to 52/urinary cotinine <50 ng·mL−1 | C: 4/68 (5.9) I1: 13/116 (11.2) I2: 13/112 (11.6) | I1 versus I2: 1.0 (0.5–2.0) I1 versus C: 1.9 (0.7–5.6) I2 versus C: 2.0 (0.7–5.8) | 7 |
Tashkin [38] | Hospital outpatients USA, Spain, France, Italy RCT | 12 weeks/1 yr | C: placebo I: varenicline All groups: educational booklet, brief counselling sessions at telephone call (n = 6) and clinic visits (n = 19) | 499 | Continuous abstinence, 1 yr/CO ≤10 ppm | I: 46/248 (18.5) C: 14/251 (5.6) | 3.3 (1.9–5.9) | 6 |
Hilberink [41, 42] | General practices the Netherlands Cluster RCT | Depending on motivational stage/1 yr | I1: counseling strategy + NRT I2: counseling strategy + NRT + bupropion C: usual care Counselling strategy: intensified MIS according to motivational stage | 667 | Point prevalence, 1 yr/urinary cotinine lever <50 ng·mL−1 | I1: 18/243 (7.4) I2: 21/276 (7.6) C: 5/148 (3.4) | I2 versus I1: 1.0 (0.6–1.9) I1 versus C: 2.2 (0.8–5.8) I2 versus C: 2.3 (0.9–5.9) | 4 |