Exacerbations due to regional pollution | | |
Outcome | | |
Emergency room visits | Perez [6] | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 493 and APA [10] |
Hospitalisations | Perez [6] | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 493 and APA [10] |
Asthma office visits | Perez [6] | MEPS [11] |
School days absent | Perez [6] | US Census Bureau [12, 13] |
Bronchitis episodes | Perez [6] | |
Office visits | MEPS [11] for ICD-9 490/491 | MEPS [11] |
Emergency room visits | MEPS [11] for ICD-9 490/491 | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 490/491 and APA [10] |
Hospitalisations | MEPS [11] for ICD-9 490/491 | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 490/491 and APA [10] |
School absences | Oeffinger [14] | US Census Bureau [12, 13] |
Antibiotics | Mean of frequency of antibiotic prescription for bronchitis: Coco [15], Evertsen [16], Gonzales [17], and Nyquist [18]; frequency of use of each antibiotic types for respiratory infection: Steinman [19] | Epocrates [20] |
Cases due to traffic proximity | | |
Attributable to TRP | Perez [6] | Complied based on frequency and costs of outcomes for representative case as described below |
Outcome per case per year | | |
Office visit | Kattan [21] | MEPS [11] |
Emergency room visits | CHIS [8] | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 493 and APA [10] |
Hospitalisations | CHIS [8] | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 493 and APA [10] |
School days missed | Mean of days: Tinkelman [22], Dean [23], Flores [24], Wolstein [25], Magzamen [26] and Moore [27] | US Census Bureau [12, 13] |
Asthma medication per case per year | | |
Controller inhalers | Mean number of controller inhalers used: CHIS [8]; frequency of types of controllers: Kattan [21] | Epocrates [20] |
Rescue inhalers | Mean number of inhalers used: Kattan [21] | Epocrates [20] |
Comorbidities per case per year | | |
Non-urgent office visits | Frequency of comorbidities among asthmatics and frequency of outcomes due to comorbidity from Grupp-Phelan [28] | MEPS [11] |
Antibiotics | Epocrates [20] |
Urgent care visits | MEPS [11] |
In-patient days | HCUP [9] and APA [10] |
Bronchitic episodes per case per year | Frequency of bronchitic episodes per asthma case from Perez [6]; frequency of outcomes due to bronchitis as described below | |
Office visits | MEPS [11] for ICD-9 490/491 | MEPS [11] |
Emergency room visits | MEPS [11] for ICD-9 490/491 | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 490/491 and APA [10] |
Hospitalisations | MEPS [11] for ICD-9 490/491 | HCUP [9] for ICD-9 490/491 and APA [10] |
School absences | Oeffinger [14] | US Census Bureau [12, 13] |
Antibiotics | Mean of frequency of antibiotic prescription for bronchitis: Coco [15], Evertsen [16], Gonzales [17] and Nyquist [18]; frequency of use of each antibiotic type for respiratory infection: Steinman [19] | Epocrates [20] |