Risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Lithuania, 2002–2008

Yanina Balabanova; Birute Radiulyte; Edita Davidaviciene; Richard Hooper; Olga Ignatyeva; Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy; Francis A. Drobniewski

doi:10.1183/09031936.00133911

Tables

Table 1– Predictors of primary multidrug and extensive drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) patients registered for treatment in Lithuania between 2002 and 2008: results of multivariable logistic regression

Characteristics	XDR-TB	MDR-TB	Non-MDR-TB	MDR-/XDR-TB versus non-MDR-TB		XDR-TB versus MDR-TB
				OR^# (95% CI)	p-value	OR^# (95% CI)	p-value
Patients n	28	729	7833
Males	20 (71.4)	540 (74.1)	5596 (71.4)	1.01 (0.83–1.24)	0.89	1.24 (0.44–3.66)	0.69
Age yrs
<30	4 (14.3)	140 (19.2)	1178 (15.0)	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.71
30–39	9 (32.1)	175 (24.0)	1584 (20.2)	0.76 (0.59–0.98)		2.22 (0.62–7.94)
40–49	7 (25.0)	192 (26.3)	2084 (26.6)	0.62 (0.48–0.81)		1.59 (0.40–6.29)
50–59	4 (14.3)	144 (19.8)	1434 (18.3)	0.67 (0.51–0.88)		1.13 (0.25–5.07)
≥60	4 (14.3)	78 (10.7)	1553 (19.8)	0.44 (0.32–0.61)		1.59 (0.31–8.30)
Urban living	19 (67.9)	478 (65.6)	4473 (57.1)	1.46 (1.23–1.73)	<0.001	1.24 (0.53–2.91)	0.62
Contact with TB	5 (17.9)	67 (9.2)	405 (5.2)	1.73 (1.30–2.29)	<0.001	2.32 (0.80–6.73)	0.12
Smoking	18 (64.3)	536 (73.5)	5085 (64.9)	0.94 (0.75–1.17)	0.56	0.61 (0.22–1.70)	0.34
Alcohol use
None	4 (14.3)	91 (12.5)	1572 (20.1)	1.00	<0.001	1.00	0.66
Sometimes	10 (35.7)	257 (35.3)	3274 (41.8)	1.27 (0.96–1.68)		1.07 (0.28–4.10)
Often	11 (39.3)	333 (45.7)	2775 (35.4)	1.96 (1.44–2.66)		1.18 (0.26–5.35)
Alcoholic	3 (10.7)	48 (6.6)	212 (2.7)	3.34 (2.15–5.20)		2.65 (0.39–18.0)
Drug abuse	0 (0.0)	18 (2.5)	39 (0.5)	1.77 (0.89–3.54)	0.11
Homelessness	1 (3.6)	44 (6.0)	190 (2.4)	1.31 (0.89–1.92)	0.25	0.48 (0.06–4.06)	0.50
Unemployment^¶	21 (75)	567 (77.8)	5889 (75.2)	1.21 (0.99–1.49)	0.07	0.95 (0.34–2.65)	0.92
Education
Less than primary⁺	3 (10.7)	48 (6.6)	961 (12.3)	1.00	0.07	1.00	0.65
Primary⁺/secondary^§	17 (60.7)	519 (71.2)	5263 (67.2)	1.10 (0.77–1.55)		0.53 (0.11–2.58)
Tertiary^ƒ	8 (28.6)	162 (22.2)	1609 (20.5)	1.37 (0.94–1.99)		0.72 (0.13–3.91)
Comorbidity	0 (0.0)	12 (1.6)	136 (1.7)	0.91 (0.48–1.72)	0.77
TB type
Pulmonary	27 (96.4)	682 (93.6)	7116 (90.8)	1.00	0.011
Extrapulmonary	0 (0.0)	12 (1.6)	333 (4.3)	0.40 (0.22–0.74)
Both	1 (3.6)	35 (4.8)	384 (4.9)	0.84 (0.57–1.22)
Smear positivity	18 (64.3)	540 (74.1)	5732 (73.2)	0.82 (0.68–1.00)	0.046	0.59 (0.25–1.41)	0.24
Cavity	19 (67.9)	494 (67.8)	4857 (62.0)	1.06 (0.92–1.32)	0.31	1.24 (0.52–2.98)	0.62
Strain family
Non-Beijing	3 (10.7)	76 (10.4)	269 (3.4)
Beijing	6 (21.4)	49 (6.7)	47 (0.6)			1.24 (0.44–3.66)	0.69
Unknown	19 (67.9)	604 (82.9)	7517 (96.0)

Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. XDR: extensively drug-resistant; MDR: multidrug-resistant. Non-MDR-TB includes drug-sensitive, and mono- and polyresistant TB. ^#: results of multivariate analysis; ^¶: cases with any known employment are the reference group; ⁺: primary school education; ^§: high school education; ^ƒ: college or university education.