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Long-term exposure to close-proximity air pollution and asthma and allergies in urban children

C. Pénard-Morand, C. Raherison, D. Charpin, C. Kopferschmitt, F. Lavaud, D. Caillaud, I. Annesi-Maesano
European Respiratory Journal 2010 36: 33-40; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00116109
C. Pénard-Morand
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  • For correspondence: celine.morand@polytechnique.org
C. Raherison
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D. Charpin
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C. Kopferschmitt
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F. Lavaud
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D. Caillaud
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I. Annesi-Maesano
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution, assessed through reliable indicators of exposure, on asthma and allergies in schoolchildren.

A validated dispersion model combining data on traffic conditions, topography, meteorology and background pollution was used to relate 3-yrs averaged concentrations of major urban pollutants at the sites of schools to skin prick tests, exercise-induced asthma and reported asthma and allergies in 6,683 children (9–11 yrs) attending 108 schools randomly selected in six French communities.

For the 4,907 children who had resided at their current address for the past 3 yrs, asthma (exercise induced, past year and lifetime) was significantly positively associated with benzene, SO2, particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and CO. In the same children, eczema (lifetime and past year) was significantly positively associated with benzene, PM10, NO2, NOx and CO, lifetime allergic rhinitis with PM10 and sensitisation to pollens with benzene and PM10. Among the 2,213 children residing at their current address since birth, the associations persisted for lifetime asthma with benzene (adjusted OR per interquartile range (95% CI) 1.3 (1.0–1.9)) and PM10 (1.4 (1.0–2.0)), and for sensitisation to pollens with volatile organic compounds (1.3 (1.0–1.9)) and PM10 (1.2 (1.0–1.9)).

Accurately modelled urban air pollution was associated with some measures of childhood asthma and allergies.

  • Air pollution
  • allergic rhinitis
  • allergic sensitisation
  • asthma
  • eczema
  • exposure assessment

Footnotes

  • Support Statement

    The French Six Cities study was supported by the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM; Programme Déterminants de la Santé), the Ministry of Health, the Environmental Programme PRIMEQUAL-PREDIT of the Ministry of Environment, the Agency for Environment and Energy Management, the French Agency for Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, the mutual insurance company of the state education system (the Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale) and the French At Home Respiratory Support association (the Association Nationale pour le Traitement A Domicile de l'Insuffisance Respiratoire chronique).

  • Statement of Interest

    None declared.

  • ©ERS 2010
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Long-term exposure to close-proximity air pollution and asthma and allergies in urban children
C. Pénard-Morand, C. Raherison, D. Charpin, C. Kopferschmitt, F. Lavaud, D. Caillaud, I. Annesi-Maesano
European Respiratory Journal Jul 2010, 36 (1) 33-40; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00116109

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Long-term exposure to close-proximity air pollution and asthma and allergies in urban children
C. Pénard-Morand, C. Raherison, D. Charpin, C. Kopferschmitt, F. Lavaud, D. Caillaud, I. Annesi-Maesano
European Respiratory Journal Jul 2010, 36 (1) 33-40; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00116109
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  • Paediatric pulmonology
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