Variables | SP | PP | p-value |
Subjects n | 199 | 199 | |
Age yrs | 66 (54–76) | 65 (50–75) | 0.24 |
Males | 133 (66.8) | 149 (74.9) | 0.08 |
Transfer from ward | 95 (47.7) | 110 (55.3) | 0.12 |
Severity scores at admission | | | |
SAPS II | 52 (37–64) | 51 (40–66) | 0.79 |
APACHE II score | 20 (16–25) | 19 (15–25) | 0.59 |
SOFA score | 7 (5–10) | 7 (5–11) | 0.65 |
Immunosuppression | | | |
Chemotherapy | 11 (5.5) | 9 (4.5) | 0.64 |
Steroid therapy >1 month or >2
mg·kg−1 | 9 (4.5) | 11 (5.5) | 0.66 |
AIDS | 7 (3.5) | 2 (1) | 0.12 |
Bone marrow aplasia | 5 (2.5) | 3 (1.5) | 0.43 |
Diagnosis at admission | | | |
Pneumonia | 39 (19.6) | 63 (31.7) | 0.006 |
Septic shock | 16 (8) | 30 (15.1) | 0.02 |
Acute respiratory failure | 13 (6.5) | 24 (12.1) | 0.08 |
Stroke | 9 (4.5) | 7 (3.5) | 0.62 |
Acute renal failure | 9 (4.5) | 3 (1.5) | 0.10 |
COPD exacerbation | 9 (4.5) | 5 (2.5) | 0.29 |
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema | 7 (3.5) | 5 (2.5) | 0.57 |
Multiple organ failure | 7 (3.5) | 7 (3.5) | 1.00 |
Admission category# | | | |
Medical | 138 (69.7) | 134 (67.7) | |
Emergency surgery | 36 (18.2) | 35 (17.7) | 0.75 |
Scheduled surgery | 24 (12.1) | 29 (14.6) | |
Previous health status (McCabe) | | | |
Not fatal | 108 (54.3) | 117 (58.8) | |
Fatal within 5 yrs | 64 (32.2) | 68 (34.2) | 0.14 |
Fatal within 1 yr | 27 (13.6) | 14 (7) | |
Comorbidities¶ | | | |
Immunosuppression | 26 (13.1) | 28 (14.1) | 0.74 |
Respiratory failure | 36 (18.1) | 42 (21.1) | 0.42 |
Cardiovascular failure | 36 (18.1) | 26 (13.1) | 0.18 |
Cirrhosis | 17 (8.5) | 21 (10.6) | 0.51 |
Renal failure | 6 (3) | 9 (4.5) | 0.44 |
At least one chronic disease | 94 (47.2) | 98 (49.2) | 0.68 |
Main symptom at admission | | | |
Acute respiratory failure | 42 (21.1) | 71 (35.7) | 0.002 |
Coma | 58 (29.1) | 17 (8.5) | <0.0001 |
Septic shock | 32 (16.1) | 39 (19.6) | 0.36 |
Multiple organ failure | 11 (5.5) | 11 (5.5) | 1.00 |
Cardiogenic shock | 6 (3) | 6 (3) | 1.00 |
Haemorrhagic shock | 15 (7.5) | 19 (9.5) | 0.47 |
Monitoring and scheduled surgery | 22 (11.1) | 15 (7.5) | 0.23 |
COPD exacerbation | 5 (2.5) | 8 (4) | 0.41 |
Acute renal failure | 0 | 6 (3) | 0.99 |
Trauma | 3 (1.5) | 3 (1.5) | 1.00 |
Lowest Pa,O2/FI,O2
ratio within 48 h after ICU admission | 154 (96–220) | 130 (85–194) | 0.006 |
Treatment during the first 48 h | | | |
Vasoactive drugs | 124 (62.3) | 154 (77.4) | 0.0009 |
Steroids | 68 (34.2) | 75 (37.7) | 0.44 |
Antibiotics | 152 (76.4) | 168 (84.4) | 0.05 |
Enteral nutrition | 46 (23.1) | 35 (17.6) | 0.17 |
Parenteral nutrition | 43 (21.6) | 44 (22.1) | 0.90 |
Procedures during the first 48 h | | | |
Arterial catheter | 98 (49.2) | 124 (62.3) | 0.004 |
Central catheter | 116 (58.3) | 160 (80.4) | <0.0001 |
Swan catheter | 13 (6.5) | 20 (10.1) | 0.23 |
At least one catheter | 125 (62.8) | 168 (84.4) | <0.0001 |
Variables collected on the day before
PP | | | |
Antibiotics | 128 (64.3) | 163 (81.9) | 0.0001 |
At least one catheter | 113 (56.8) | 162 (81.4) | <0.0001 |
Pa,O2/FI,O2 ratio | 254 (185–337) | 193 (121–296) | <0.0001 |
SOFA | 5 (4–9) | 7 (5–10) | 0.005 |