Figures
- Fig. 1—
Outline of study design and flow of patients through the study. #: outcome variables assessed at each study visit: quality of life, anthropometry, lung function, muscle power, maximal aerobic power, peak oxygen uptake, physical activity. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s.
- Fig. 2—
Change in peak oxygen uptake (V′O2,peak) from baseline in the intervention and the control groups. Data are presented as mean±se with the number of patients indicated. There was a significant difference between groups (p<0.01) and a significant group×time interaction (p<0.01) in the repeated measures ANOVA involving all five follow-up time points. •: intervention group; ○: control group.
Tables
- Table 1—
Subject characteristics at study entry
Intervention group Control group Subjects 23 15 Male 13 6 Female 10 9 Age yrs 19.5±6.4 19.4±5.3 Height cm 165.6±11.6 165.7±11.3 Body mass kg 55.5±13.7 56.8±13.3 Sum of four skinfold measurements mm 37.4±13.9 35.3±12.1 Body fat % 17.8±7.4 17.2±6.5 Lean body mass kg 45.3±11.0 47.0±11.7 FVC % pred 81.5±13.1 88.2±16.3 FEV1 % pred 69.1±17.2 75.6±21.9 RV/TLC % pred 172.1±46.8 161.6±68.3 Vigorous physical activity h·week−1 4.31±2.68 6.27±2.93 V′O2,peak mL·min−1·kg−1 37.2±8.9 39.4±6.9 Wmax W·kg−1 2.81±0.58 2.98±0.62 PP W·kg−1 9.50±1.51 8.89±1.63 MP W·kg−1 6.59±1.19 6.38±1.16 Data are presented as n or mean±sd. FVC: forced vital capacity; % pred: % predicted; FEV1:forced expiratory volume in 1 s; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; V′O2,peak: peak oxygen uptake; Wmax: power maintained over the final completed 1-min stage; PP: peak power; MP: mean power.
- Table 2—
Effects of the intervention on changes in outcome variables from baseline at different time intervals during the 2-yr study period
Estimated effect of training 18–24 months p-value 3–6 months p-value 12 months p-value ΔV′O2,peak mL·min−1·kg−1 3.73±1.23 0.002 2.04±1.00 0.041 0.70±1.18 0.551 Control -1.25 0.18 0.01 Intervention 2.48 2.22 0.71 ΔWmax W·kg−1 0.37±0.11 0.001 0.25±0.11 0.033 0.19±0.11 0.078 Control -0.06 -0.08 0.02 Intervention 0.31 0.17 0.21 ΔVigorous physical activity h·week−1 1.63±0.82 0.047 1.05±0.87 0.225 2.08±2.00 0.299 Control -2.47 -1.12 -1.29 Intervention -0.84 -0.06 0.79 ΔSum of four skinfolds mm -7.10±3.20 0.027 -1.19±1.92 0.536 -5.68±2.63 0.031 Control 2.63 -0.41 0.74 Intervention -4.47 -1.60 -4.94 ΔFVC (% pred) 6.06±2.87 0.035 0.50±2.45 0.837 2.71±3.61 0.453 Control -6.44 -1.32 -3.15 Intervention -0.38 -0.82 -0.44 ΔSubjective health perception 9.89±4.72 0.036 9.91±4.60 0.031 -2.31±6.71 0.730 Control -10.73 -5.68 -0.76 Intervention -0.85 4.23 -3.07 Data are presented as mean±se or mean, unless otherwise stated. ΔV′O2,peak: change in peak oxygen uptake from baseline; ΔWmax: change in maximal workload during an incremental cycling task; ΔFVC: change in forced vital capacity from baseline, % pred: % predicted. The reported effects are estimated regression coefficients and their asymptotic standard errors. Positive values indicate that the intervention group had a larger increase or a smaller decrease in the respective parameter than the control group. Mean changes from baseline for the control group and the intervention group are also given for each time period in the study.
Supplementary material
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