Figures
- Fig. 1—
Augmentation index (AIx) in patients (▪) and controls (▓) stratified according to 5-yr age groupings. The error bars represent +1sem.
- Fig. 2—
Relationship between log10 C-reactive protein (CRP) and augmentation index (AIx) in controls (•), non cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) patients (▪) and CFRD patients (▴). Data are presented as mean values with error bars representing ±1sem. *: p<0.05, and **: p<0.01 difference in AIx from controls.
Tables
- Table 1—
Subject characteristics
Controls Patients All Non-CFRD CFRD Subjects n 26 50 37 13 Age yrs 28.4±5.7 28.0±8.2 26.5±7.9 32.2±8.1¶ Sex male/female n 14/12 33/17 24/13 9/4 Height m 1.74±0.1 1.70±0.1 1.71±0.1 1.68±0.1 BMI kg·m−2 22.2±1.7 22.2±3.1 21.9±3.0 22.9±3.5 Total FFMI# kg·m−2 18.2±1.8 18.1±2.6 18.0±2.6 18.3±2.6 WHR 0.80±0.06 0.85±0.08* 0.86±0.06* 0.83±0.13 FEV1 % pred 97.4±8.5 65.1±21.2** 69.4±22.0** 52.9±12.6**,¶¶ FVC % pred 97.5±10.4 79.6±18.6** 83.9±18.9** 67.2±10.6**,¶¶ Physical activity MET 39 (33–62) 42 (29–77) 42 (29–77) 40 (30–63) Biochemical measurements Total cholesterol mmol·L−1 4.5±0.7 3.7±0.7** 3.7±0.7** 3.9±1.0 Cholesterol ratio TC/HDL 3.1±0.7 3.0±0.7 2.9±0.8 3.0±0.7 Triglyceride mmol·L−1 0.7±0.3 0.9±0.3* 0.9±0.3 0.9±0.3 Fasting glucose mmol·L−1 5.1±1.1 5.4±1.3 4.8±1.1 7.5±1.5**,¶¶ CRP mg·L−1 0.4±3.9 2.7±4.8** 1.9±4.7** 7.4±3.3**,¶¶ GFR mL·min−1 109.7±15.4 95.5±18.7** 95.9±18.5** 94.3±19.9* Data presented as mean±sd or median (range), unless otherwise stated. Fasting glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) are presented as geometric mean±sd. CFRD: cystic fibrosis-related diabetes; BMI: body mass index; FFMI: fat-free mass index; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; MET: metabolic equivalent of task; TC: total cholesterol; HDL: high density lipoprotein; GFR: glomerular filtration rate. #: in 48 patients. *: p<0.05, and **: p<0.01 difference from controls; ¶: p<0.05, and ¶¶: p<0.01 difference from non-diabetic patients.
- Table 2—
Haemodynamic data
Controls Patients All Non-CFRD CFRD Subjects n 26 50 37 13 fC beats·min−1 62.9±7.3 73.2±11.6** 71.9±11.6** 76.8±11.2** Peripheral systolic BP mmHg 124.8±13.1 128.3±12.2 128.0±11.7 129.2±13.9 Peripheral diastolic BP mmHg 75.1±8.2 76.9±8.3 77.2±7.2 76.0±11.0 Peripheral PP mmHg 49.7±11.3 51.7±11.2 51.2±11.4 53.2±10.9 Peripheral MAP mmHg 91.7±8.6 94.0±8.2 94.1±7.2 93.7±10.9 AIx % -1.8±13.1 8.5±11.1** 6.9±12.3* 13.1±4.3** Brachial PWV m·s−1 8.2±0.9 8.3±1.4 8.1±1.3 8.7±1.6 Aortic PWV m·s−1 6.1±0.8 6.4±1.5 6.1±1.1 7.3±2.1*,# Central systolic BP mmHg 106.7±10.0 111.2±11.3 111.1±11.7 111.6±10.6 Central diastolic BP mmHg 76.3±8.2 79.2±8.7 78.9±7.8 79.9±11.3 Central PP mmHg 30.4±6.0 33.2±7.7 32.8±8.2 34.3±6.0 Data presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. CFRD: cystic fibrosis-related diabetes; fC: cardiac frequency; BP: blood pressure; PP: pulse pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; AIx: augmentation index; PWV: pulse wave velocity. *: p<0.05, and **: p<0.01 difference from controls; #: p<0.05 difference from non-diabetic patients.
- Table 3—
Multiple regression analysis with augmentation index as the dependent variable in patients
Variable Regression coefficient se R2 change % p-value Age 0.61 0.14 29 <0.0001 Height -0.46 0.11 19 <0.001 Log10CRP 3.42 1.67 4 <0.05 The variables entered were: age, height, mean arterial pressure, body mass index, forced vital capacity (% predicted) and log10 C-reactive protein (CRP). Diabetic status was additional.
