Tables
- Table 1—
Demographic and clinical data of the study population
Age group p-value <65 yrs ≥65 yrs Subjects n 1298 1349 Age yrs 47.2±12.7 77.1±7.5 Males/females n 716/582 770/579 0.33 Body mass index kg·m−2 25.1±5.5 25.3±4.5 0.43 Smokers 44.9 17.8 <0.001 Body temperature °C 37.9±1.2 37.7±1.1 <0.001 Dyspnoea 68.2 81.7 <0.001 Purulent sputum 53.3 62.3 <0.001 Cough 87.0 84.0 0.29 Pleuritic pain 49.0 28.5 <0.001 Pleuritic effusion 12.6 18.3 <0.001 Confusion 5.2 16.4 <0.001 BUN mM 5.7±4.7 9.2±6.3 <0.001 Respiratory frequency breaths·min−1 19.8±6.5 20.8±6.6 <0.001 Blood pressure mmHg Systolic 123.3±19.0 134.6±24.4 <0.01 Diastolic 74.7±11.8 75.9±13.6 <0.001 Blood pH 7.45±0.07 7.44±0.06 <0.01 Pa,O2mmHg 67.2±17.3 65.1±16.8 <0.05 Pa,CO2mmHg 35.4±8.2 36.9±8.7 <0.05 Sa,O2 % 92.6±6.1 91.4±5.7 <0.01 Leukocytes cells·nL−1 12.6±6.2 13.3±6.1 <0.01 C-reactive protein mg·L−1 137.4±127.9 139.6±118.6 0.68 Glucose mM 6.6±2.9 8.1±3.8 <0.001 Data are presented as mean±sd or %, unless otherwise indicated. BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Pa,O2: arterial oxygen tension; Pa,CO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension; Sa,O2: arterial oxygen saturation. 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa.
- Table 2—
Distribution of the main respiratory pathogens in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Age group p-value <65 yrs ≥65 yrs Patients n 1298 1349 Pathogens detected n 271 268 Streptococcus pneumoniae % 42.1 43.3 0.85 Gram-negative bacilli % 3.7 7.1 0.17 Staphylococcus aureus % 1.5 2.2 0.74 Haemophilus influenzae % 4.8 3.4 0.53 Chlamydia pneumoniae % 1.1 0 0.26 Mycoplasma pneumoniae % 14.0 0.7 0.0005 Legionella spp. % 16.6 17.5 0.87 Respiratory syncytial virus % 1.8 3.7 0.29 Influenza virus A % 5.9 14.9 0.001 - Table 3—
Comorbid conditions, residence status and treatment changes
Age group p-value <65 years ≥65 years Subjects n 1298 1349 CURB score 0.55±0.73 1.03±0.89 <0.001 Comorbid condition Chronic pulmonary disease 30.0 42.6 <0.001 Chronic heart disease 12.8 47.2 <0.001 Congestive heart failure 6.4 37.9 <0.001 Chronic liver disease 3.9 3.3 0.46 Chronic kidney failure 2.9 13.3 <0.001 Cerebrovascular disease 4.1 22.3 <0.001 Other neurological disorder 6.6 10.1 0.001 Diabetes mellitus 8.3 28.1 <0.001 Nursing home 3.3 15.2 <0.001 30-day mortality 2.2 10.3 <0.001 Change of antibiotic treatment Overall 25.4 32.6 <0.001 Ineffectiveness 10.9 11.6 0.58 Sequential therapy 8.2 13.1 <0.001 De-escalation 3.8 4.8 0.13 Intolerance 1.3 1.2 0.86 Resistance 0.7 1.7 0.03 Data are presented as mean±sd or %, unless otherwise stated. CURB: confusion, urea, respiratory frequency and blood pressure.
- Table 4—
Univariate analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia patients
OR (95% CI) p-value Age <65/≥65 yrs 5.03 (3.34–7.56) <0.001 Comorbid condition Chronic pulmonary disease 1.104 (0.80–1.53) 0.560 Chronic heart disease 2.76 (2.01–3.78) <0.001 Congestive heart failure 4.91 (3.56–6.78) <0.001 Cerebrovascular disease 5.91 (4.25–8.22) <0.001 Other neurological disorder 3.86 (2.61–5.69) <0.001 Chronic liver disease 2.98 (1.67–5.29) 0.001 Chronic kidney failure 4.22 (2.86–6.22) <0.001 Diabetes mellitus 2.55 (1.83–3.57) <0.001 Nursing home 8.00 (5.66–11.30) <0.001 CURB score# 2.60 (2.10–3.20) <0.001 Change of antibiotic treatment Overall 1.30 (0.90–1.83) 0.186 Ineffectiveness 2.24 (1.50–3.34) 0.001 Sequential therapy 0.46 (0.24–0.94) 0.026 De-escalation 0.40 (0.13–1.27) 0.159 Intolerance 1.52 (0.46–5.02) 0.457 Resistance 0.94 (0.93–0.95) 0.258 OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; CURB: confusion, urea, respiratory frequency and blood pressure. #: univariate analysis performed as logistic regression; OR and 95% CI shown are per step.
- Table 5—
Multivariate analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality in community-acquired pneumonia patients
β (95% CI) p-value Age <65/≥65 yrs 1.84 (1.06–3.18) 0.030 Comorbid condition Congestive heart failure 1.85 (1.18–2.92) 0.007 Cerebrovascular disease 1.84 (1.13–3.00) 0.014 Chronic liver disease 4.10 (1.98–8.49) <0.001 Nursing home 2.95 (1.80–4.83) <0.001 CURB score 2.13 (1.69–2.69) <0.001 Change of antibiotic treatment Ineffectiveness 1.74 (1.07–2.83) 0.027 Sequential therapy 0.26 (0.10–0.62) 0.003 Comorbid condition Chronic pulmonary disease 0.756 Chronic heart disease 0.523 Chronic kidney failure 0.622 Diabetes mellitus 0.849 Other neurological disorder 0.062 Change of antibiotic treatment Overall 0.106 De-escalation 0.080 Intolerance 0.810 Resistance 0.080 CI: confidence interval; CURB: confusion, urea, respiratory frequency and blood pressure.
- Table 6—
Multivariate analysis of risk factors for 30-day mortality in elderly patients
β (95% CI) p-value CURB 1.88 (1.45–2.44) <0.001 Age 1.07 (1.04–1.11) <0.001 Comorbid condition Chronic liver disease 4.49 (1.73–11.67) 0.020 Cerebrovascular disease 1.79 (1.05–3.04) 0.033 Nursing home 2.38 (1.36–4.15) 0.002 Change of antibiotic treatment Ineffectiveness 1.95 (1.12–3.38) 0.018 Sequential therapy 0.23 (0.09–0.61) 0.003 CI: confidence interval; CURB: confusion, urea, respiratory frequency and blood pressure.
- Table 7—
Influence of residence status on outcome-relevant factors
Residence status p-value Nursing home Home Subjects n 205 1144 Age yrs 82.3±7.9 76.1±7.0 <0.001 CURB score 1.52±1.01 0.93±0.83 <0.001 Comorbid condition Chronic pulmonary disease 31.7 44.5 0.001 Chronic heart disease 53.5 46.1 0.055 Congestive heart failure 57.4 34.4 <0.001 Chronic liver disease 3.0 3.3 1.000 Chronic kidney failure 23.1 11.6 <0.001 Cerebrovascular disease 63.8 15.0 <0.001 Other neurological disorder 28.9 6.8 <0.001 Diabetes mellitus 36.0 26.5 0.004 30-day mortality 28.8 6.9 <0.001 Change of antibiotic treatment Overall 39.7 31.4 0.029 Ineffectiveness 14.1 11.2 0.233 Sequential therapy 15.6 12.7 0.257 De-escalation 5.5 4.9 0.597 Intolerance 1.0 1.2 1.000 Resistance 2.0 1.6 0.560 Data are presented as mean±sd or %, unless otherwise stated. CURB: confusion, urea, respiratory frequency and blood pressure.
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