Tables
- Table 1—
Correlates of pulmonary hypertension
Variable P̄pa <25 mmHg P̄pa ≥25 mmHg P̄pa >40 mmHg p-value# p-value¶ Subjects n 1362 932 231 Demographics Age yrs 54.0±8.7 53.4±8.5 49.9±9.2 0.040 <0.0001 Male 60.9 62.8 58.7 0.360 0.560 African-American 9.0 11.8 19.1 0.030 <0.0001 BMI kg·m−2 27.7±4.8 28.7±5.1 27.7±5.2 <0.0001 0.870 Pulmonary function FVC % pred 49.6±15.7 48.4±16.7 51.4±20.8 0.020 0.610 FEV1 % pred 52.7±16.5 50.0±16.5 51.5±19.0 <0.0001 0.30 Pa,CO2 mmHg 40.5±5.7 41.2±6.9 38.7±7.8 0.150 <0.001 6-min walk distance <45 m 10.3 13.9 21.1 0.010 <0.0001 Any need for O2 75.9 86.0 92.8 <0.0001 <0.0001 Any need for ≥3 L·min−1 O2 37.3 51.4 65.4 <0.0001 <0.0001 O2 used L·min−1 2.3±1.9 2.9±2.1 3.5±2.4 <0.0001 <0.0001 Functional status Some or total ADL assistance 56.7 63.3 74.4 0.001 <0.0001 Hospitalised 3.9 5.1 9.7 0.170 <0.0001 In intensive care unit 1.4 2.3 4.0 0.140 0.010 Comorbid illnesses COPD 12.4 15.7 16.2 0.030 0.0130 Hypertension 18.1 21.6 22.8 0.040 0.011 Diabetes 10.4 13.0 7.5 0.060 0.150 Corticosteroids 60.5 63.4 58.4 0.170 0.560 Haemodynamic monitoring Cardiac index L·min−1·m−2 2.8±0.7 2.8±0.8 2.5±0.9 0.82 <0.0001 Ppcw mmHg 8.3±4.2 12.1±5.5 14.0±8.2 <0.0001 <0.0001 Data are presented as mean±SD or %, unless otherwise stated. P̄pa: mean pulmonary artery pressure; BMI: body mass index; FVC: forced vital capacity; % pred: % predicted; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; Pa,CO2: carbon dioxide arterial tension; ADL: activities of daily living; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. #: P̄pa >25 versus ≤25 mmHg; ¶: P̄pa >40 versus ≤25 mmHg. n = 2,525. 1 kPa = 0.133 mmHg.
- Table 2—
Independent correlates of mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension#
Variable Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI p-value Need for any O2 1.22 1.14–1.30 <0.001 Ppcw per 1 mmHg increase above mean value for cohort 1.19 1.16–1.21 <0.001 FEV1 per 1% increase from mean value for cohort 0.99 0.99–1.00 0.050 CI: confidence interval; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second. The Hosmer–Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test yields a Chi-squared value of 14.8 (p = 0.06). #: defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure between 25–40 mmHg. n = 2,296. 1 kPa = 0.133 mmHg.
- Table 3—
Independent correlates of severe pulmonary hypertension#
Variable Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI p-value PCO2 per 1-point increase 0.92 0.89–0.96 0.0001 Age at listing 0.95 0.92–0.97 <0.0001 FEV1 per 1% increase from mean value for cohort 0.96 0.93–0.99 0.003 Ppcw per 1 mmHg increase above mean value for cohort 1.22 1.17–1.28 <0.001 Any O2 needed 1.29 1.12–1.49 0.004 O2 need >3 L·min−1 1.89 1.03–3.47 0.041 African-American 1.93 1.02–3.66 0.043 #: defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure >40 mmHg. CI: confidence interval; PCO2: carbon dioxide tension; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. The Hosmer–Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test yields a Chi-squared value of 7.2 (p = 0.51). n = 1,594. 1 kPa = 0.133 mmHg.
- Table 4—
Independent correlates of mild-to-moderate isolated pulmonary hypertension
Variable Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI p-value FEV1 per 1% increase from mean value for cohort 0.99 0.990–0.997 0.006 Ppcw per 1 mmHg increase above mean value for cohort 1.22 1.18–1.26 <0.001 Need for assistance with ADLs 1.24 1.00–1.54 0.047 Hypertension 1.33 1.03–1.72 0.030 O2 need >3 L·min−1 2.84 2.30–3.50 <0.001 CI: confidence interval; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; ADLs: activities of daily living. The Hosmer–Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test yields a Chi-squared value of 18.1 (p = 0.02). n = 1,883. 1 kPa = 0.133 mmHg.
- Table 5—
Independent correlates of severe isolated pulmonary hypertension
Variable Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI p-value PCO2 0.88 0.85–0.92 <0.001 Age at listing 0.94 0.92–0.96 <0.001 Ppcw per 1 mmHg increase above mean value for cohort 1.26 1.18–1.34 <0.001 6-min walk distance <45 m 1.71 1.00–2.94 0.050 Need for assistance with ADLs 1.78 1.15–2.74 0.010 African-American 1.78 1.02–3.09 0.042 O2 need >3 L·min−1 4.49 2.99–6.74 <0.001 CI: confidence interval; PCO2: carbon dioxide tension; Ppcw: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; ADLs: activities of daily living. The Hosmer–Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test yields a Chi-squared value of 5.9 (p = 0.66). n = 1,308. 1 kPa = 0.133 mmHg.
