First author [Ref.] | Trial length | Outcome | Rx/CL | Outcome data | Comments |
Casanova 11 | 1 yr | Acute exacerbations at 3 months % | Rx | 52 | Greater increase in acute exacerbations in control group |
| CL | 57 |
Acute exacerbations at 12 months % | Rx | 66 | Number of hospital admissions significantly less in the bilevel versus control group at 3 months*; however, not sustained at 12 months |
| CL | 77 |
Hospital admissions at 3 months % | Rx | 5* | |
| CL | 15 | |
Hospital admissions at 12 months % | Rx | 18 | |
| CL | 19 | |
Intubations at 3 months % | Rx | 2 | |
| CL | 16 | |
Intubations at 12 months % | Rx | 6 | |
| CL | 10 | |
Clini 23 | 2 yrs | Hospital admission rate % reduction at 3 months | Rx | 45 | Hospital admission reduction in the Rx group (45%) and increase in the control group (27%) |
Hospital admission rate % reduction at 12 months | Rx | 18 | |
ICU admission days·patient−1·yr | Rx | 0.2±0.4 | |
| CL | 0.4±0.8 | |