Tables
- Table 1—
Characteristics of the patients at discharge from the hospital
Statin user Total Yes No Subjects n 118 736 854 Pneumonia Yes 53 (44.9) 322 (43.8) 375 (43.9) No 65 (55.1) 414 (56.3) 479 (56.1) Sex Male 70 (59.3) 344 (46.7) 414 (48.5) Female 48 (40.7) 392 (52.1) 440 (51.5) Age yrs 68.5±8.4 71.1±11.6 70.8±11.2 Spirometry FVC L 2.50±0.81 2.21±0.83 2.25±0.83 FVC % pred 77.4±20.4 71.1±23.1 72.1±22.8 FEV1 L 1.36±0.51 1.16±0.56 1.19±0.56 FEV1 % pred 52.4±16.6 46.7±20.2 47.6±19.8 Spirometry missing 24 (20.3) 212 (28.8) 236 (27.6) Smoking habits Never smoker 10 (8.5) 49 (6.7) 59 (6.9) Former smoker 43 (36.4) 277 (37.5) 320 (37.5) Current smoker 60 (50.9) 382 (51.9) 442 (51.8) Missing data 5 (4.2) 28 (3.8) 33 (3.9) Comorbidity Lung cancer 6 (5.1) 26 (3.5) 32 (3.8) Cancer at other sites 7 (5.9) 64 (8.7) 71 (8.3) Ischaemic heart disease 73 (61.9) 170 (23.1) 243 (28.5) Congestive heart failure 29 (24.6) 140 (19.0) 169 (19.8) Atrial fibrillation 20 (16.7) 147 (20.0) 167 (19.6) Cerebrovascular disease 16 (13.6) 51 (6.9) 67 (7.9) Peripherial vascular disease 17 (14.4) 40 (3.0) 28 (3.0) Arterial hypertension 44 (37.3) 135 (18.3) 179 (21.1) Diabetes 25 (21.2) 77 (10.5) 102 (11.9) Venous thrombembolism 3 (2.5) 18 (2.5) 21 (2.5) Concomitant treatment ACEI or ARB 37 (31.6) 142 (19.3) 179 (21.0) β-blockers 44 (37.6) 67 (9.1) 111 (13.0) Acetyl salicylate 59 (50.0) 165 (22.5) 224 (26.3) Warfarin 16 (13.7) 68 (9.3) 84 (9.9) Inhaled corticosteroids 79 (67.0) 462 (62.8) 541 (63.4) Long-term oxygen therapy 5 (4.3) 65 (8.9) 70 (8.3) Data are presented as n (%) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. FVC: forced vital capacity; % pred: % predicted; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
- Table 2—
Number of deaths, mortality rate and age-adjusted and age-specific mortality rate ratio (MRR)
Statin user MRR Yes No Sex Male 19 (121) 160 (228) 0.58 (0.36–0.94) Female 12 (98) 142 (162) 0.70 (0.38–1.3) Age yrs <60 1 (17) 25 (67) 0.25 (0.01–1.6)# 60–69 8 (121) 35 (97) 1.3 (0.50–2.7)# 70–79 20 (146) 111 (202) 0.72 (0.43–1.2)# ≥80 2 (105) 131 (450) 0.23 (0.03–0.86)# FEV1 % pred <30 5 (500) 63 (320) 1.5 (0.61–3.9) 30–49 10 (124) 105 (214) 0.48 (0.25–0.92) ≥50 16 (86) 134 (150) 0.81 (0.42–1.6) Missing data 4 (98) 59 (167) 0.74 (0.27–2.0) Smoking habits Never smoker 0 (0.0) 18 (168) 0.00 (0–0.70) Former smoker 18 (202) 125 (224) 1.2 (0.75–2.4) Current smoker 11 (75) 149 (174) 0.49 (0.26–0.91) Comorbidity Ischaemic heart disease 20 (120) 105 (357) 0.43 (0.26–0.72) Congestive heart failure 10 (156) 99 (550) 0.29 (0.15–0.55) Atrial fibrillation 8 (182) 97 (458) 0.52 (0.25–1.1) Cerebrovascular disease 4 (111) 29 (345) 0.36 (0.12–1.1) Peripherial vascular disease 6 (177) 24 (429) 0.43 (0.17–1.1) Arterial hypertension 16 (172) 55 (194) 1.1 (0.59–2.0) Diabetes 10 (208) 49 (395) 0.81 (0.41–1.6) Venous thrombembolism 1 (250) 13 (650) 1.1 (0.19–6.5) Lung cancer 3 (375) 21 (808) 0.96 (0.31–3.0) Cancer at other sites 4 (444) 44 (579) 0.85 (0.29–2.5) Concomitant treatment ACEI or ARB 14 (194) 71 (261) 1.1 (0.61–2.1) β-blockers 11 (106) 35 (252) 0.57 (0.28–1.2) Acetyl salicylate 13 (88) 85 (259) 0.44 (0.24–0.82) Warfarin 6 (231) 42 (362) 0.80 (0.32–2.0) Inhaled corticosteroids 19 (98) 175 (170) 0.65 (0.40–1.1) Long-term oxygen therapy 1 (91) 37 (407) 0.33 (0.05–2.1) Data are presented as n (95% confidence interval) for MRR, other data are presented as n (mortality rate 1000-1·yr-1). FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: % predicted; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker. #: age-specific MRR.
- Table 3—
Multivariate Cox regression analyses of mortality after discharge from the hospital
Covariate HR (95% CI) p-value Sex# 0.89 (0.70–1.2) 0.4 Age yrs <60 1 60–69 1.6 (0.93–2.8) 0.09 70–79 2.5 (1.5–4.1) <0.001 ≥80 4.5 (2.7–7.6) <0.001 Current smoking¶ 1.2 (0.89–1.7) 0.2 FEV1 % pred+10% 0.80 (0.74–0.86) <0.001 Comorbidity+ Ischaemic heart disease 1.3 (1.0–1.7) 0.03 Congestive heart failure 1.6 (1.2–2.2) 0.001 Atrial fibrillation 1.6 (1.2–2.1) 0.002 Diabetes 1.8 (1.3–2.5) <0.001 Venous thromboembolism 2.0 (1.0–3.7) 0.04 Lung cancer 4.6 (2.8–7.5) <0.001 Cancer other sites 2.3 (1.6–3.3) <0.001 Treatment Statins 0.57 (0.38–0.87) 0.009 Inhaled corticosteroids 0.73 (0.57–0.94) 0.01 HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; % pred: % predicted. #: female versus male; ¶: yes versus never; +: yes versus no.
