First author [ref.] | Total sample size | Mean age yrs | Mean FEV1 L and/or % pred | Mean follow-up yrs | Total deaths | Causes of death | Proportion of deaths % |
Zielinski 21 | 215 | 66 | 0.72 L# (pre- or post-BD not stated) | Not reported | 215 | Chronic respiratory failure | 38 |
| | | | | Heart failure | 13 |
| | | | | | Pulmonary infection | 11 |
| | | | | | Pulmonary embolism | 10 |
| | | | | | Cardiac arrhythmia | 8 |
| | | | | | Lung cancer | 7 |
| | | | | | Myocardial infarction | 6 |
| | | | | | Other | 7 |
Garcia-Aymerich 23 | 340 | 69 | 36% (pre- or post-BD not stated) | 1.1 | 98 | Respiratory causes | 74 |
| | | | | Cardiovascular causes | 12 |
| | | | | | Lung cancer | 5 |
| | | | | | Other cancer | 2 |
| | | | | | Other | 6 |
Waterhouse 24 | 751 | 64 | 1.4 L; 50% (post-BD) | 2.8 | 103 | Respiratory | 49 |
| | | | | | Cardiac | 22 |
| | | | | | Lung cancer | 11 |
| | | | | | Other cancer | 10 |
| | | | | | Other | 8 |
Keistinen 25 | 2727 | 50–54 | Not reported | 8.5 | 973 | Coronary ischemia, stroke and other circulatory diseases | 37 |
| | | | | | COPD | 22 |
| | | | | | Lung cancer | 13 |
| | | | | | Other cancer | 8 |
| | | | | | Other pulmonary disease (including asthma) | 4 |
| | | | | | Other | 16 |
Vilkman 26 | 2237 | 67 | Not reported | Not reported | 1070 | Coronary heart disease and other circulatory causes | 37 |
| | | | | | COPD | 30 |
| | | | | | Lung cancer | 12 |
| | | | | | Other cancer | 8 |
| | | | | | Other | 13 |
Anthonisen 27¶ | 5887 | 48 | 2.7 L; 75% (post-BD) | 5.0 | 149 | Lung cancer | 38 |
| | | | | | Cardiovascular disease | 25 |
| | | | | | Other | 37 |
Anthonisen 3 ¶ | 5887 | 48 | 2.7 L; 78% (post-BD) | 14.5 | 731 | Lung cancer | 33 |
| | | | | | Cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease) | 22 |
| | | | | | Other cancer | 21 |
| | | | | | Respiratory causes other than lung cancer | 8 |
| | | | | | Other or unknown | 16 |
Celli 28 | 625 | 64–67+ | 39–47% (post-BD)+ | 2.3 | 162 | Respiratory failure | 61 |
| | | | | | Myocardial infarction | 14 |
| | | | | | Lung cancer | 12 |
| | | | | | Other | 13 |