Effect of smoking cessation on cough reflex sensitivity

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that cigarette smokers have diminished cough reflex sensitivity compared with nonsmokers. The current authors proposed a mechanism of chronic cigarette smoke-induced desensitisation of airway cough receptors.

To investigate this hypothesis, cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin (C₅) in chronic smokers was measured both while they were actively smoking and 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after smoking cessation.

In total, 29 subjects underwent baseline capsaicin challenge while smoking and 2 weeks after smoking cessation. Mean±sem log C₅ fell from 1.86±0.12 to 1.60±0.12, demonstrating significant enhancement of cough reflex sensitivity. Of the total, 20, 18 and 14 subjects successfully abstained from smoking for 6, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. Mean log C₅ values after 12 and 24 weeks of smoking cessation were significantly diminished from baseline. In a control group of smokers, mean log C₅ did not decrease from baseline after 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Overall, the log C₅ profile of the smoking cessation group showed a clear, linearly decreasing trend over time compared with the control group.

Even after many years of smoking, cough sensitivity is enhanced as early as 2 weeks after smoking cessation. Given the importance of an intact cough reflex, these changes may provide clinical benefit.