Figures
- Fig. 1—
Health status in relation to patients with (
) and without (□) hospital re-admissions. The box plot displays the median, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 90% percentiles. #: p = 0.08; ¶: p<0.0001. - Fig. 2—
Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrating the time until re-admission in patients in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity defined according to the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. –––: GOLD I and II; · · ·: GOLD III; - - -: GOLD IV. p<0.0001.
- Fig. 3—
Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrating time until re-admission in relation to health status (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score).The patients were divided into quartiles according the SGRQ total score. – · –: 1st quartile <46.4; · · ·: 2nd quartile 46.4–60.4; - - -: 3rd quartile 60.5–70.5; –––: 4th quartile >70.6. p<0.0001.
Tables
- Table. 1—
Characteristics of patients included in the study in relation to re-admission
All No rehospitalisation Rehospitalisation p-value Subjects n 406 160 246 Age yrs 69.2±10.5 68.3±12.1 69.8±9.4 0.16 Female 51.2 54.4 49.2 0.31 Hospital stay days 8 (6–13) 7 (5–12) 9 (6–14) 0.02 Smokers 36.0 30.6 23.0 0.09 Pack-yrs 35.2±23.3 33.9±21.2 36.1±24.6 0.37 College education 30.7 30.8 30.6 0.96 Living alone 52.1 48.7 54.4 0.28 COPD hospitalisations in last 12 months 1 (0–3) 0.5 (0–1) 1 (1–3) <0.0001 HAD-Total 12.5±6.8 12.1±6.3 12.7±7.1 0.38 HAD-Anxiety 7.0±4.2 6.7±4.0 7.1±4.3 0.28 HAD-Depression 5.5±3.6 5.4±3.4 5.6±3.8 0.63 Anxiety 41.0 39.5 42.1 0.61 Depression 28.7 26.5 30.2 0.44 Health status SGRQ total score 58±17 52±17 62±16 <0.0001 FEV1 % pred 38.4±18.2 44.8±19.4 34.1±15.9 <0.0001 FVC % of pred 61.8±19.2 66.2±19.2 58.8±20.7 0.0005 Long-term oxygen 23.6 16.2 28.4 0.005 Cardiovascular diseases 44.6 45.6 43.9 0.76 Diabetes 10.3 7.5 12.2 0.13 Anticholinergics 35.8 43.6 30.7 0.009 Short acting β2-agonists 35.9 33.8 37.3 0.53 Long acting β2-agonists 61.4 60.5 61.9 0.78 Inhaled corticosteroids 69.9 69.9 70.0 0.98 Nebulised treatment 33.2 19.9 41.8 <0.0001 Oral theophylline 27.7 19.7 32.9 0.004 Oral corticosteroids 65.7 62.4 67.9 0.26 Data presented as n, mean±sd, median (interquartile range) or %. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HAD: hospital anxiety and depression scale; SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC: forced vital capacity. Chi-squared test and unpaired t-tests was used to calculate the p-values.
- Table. 2—
Determinants for re-admissions analysed by Cox regression
All subjects SGRQ total ≤60 SGRQ total >60 Subjects n 340 170 170 Age 10 yrs 1.16 (1.00–1.35) 1.14 (0.92–1.419) 1.19 (0.95–1.50) Current smoker 0.78 (0.55–1.10) 0.69 (0.37–1.29) 0.82 (0.53–1.26) HAD-total 4 units* 1.03 (0.93–1.13) 0.87 (0.74–1.03) 1.13 (1.01–1.27) HAD-anxiety 4 units* 1.10 (0.95–1.28) 0.81 (0.63–1.04) 1.36 (1.12–1.65) HAD-depression 4 units* 0.96 (0.80–1.15) 0.83 (0.61–1.14) 1.02 (0.81–1.28) Anxiety* 1.06 (0.79–1.41) 0.43 (0.25–0.74) 1.73 (1.18–2.53) Depression* 1.09 (0.80–1.51) 0.84 (0.46–1.55) 1.20 (0.81–1.79) FEV1 10% pred 0.83 (0.76–0.91) 0.80 (0.70–0.92) 0.83 (0.53–1.26) SGRQ-total 4 units 1.06 (1.02–1.11) 1.06 (0.97–1.15) 1.08 (0.98–1.18) Data presented as n and hazard ratio (95% confidence interval). SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; HAD: hospital anxiety and depression scale; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second. *: Entered separately into the model.
