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Relationship between quality of life and clinical status in asthma: a factor analysis

E.F. Juniper, M.E. Wisniewski, F.M. Cox, A.H. Emmett, K.E. Nielsen, P.M. O'Byrne
European Respiratory Journal 2004 23: 287-291; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00064204
E.F. Juniper
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M.E. Wisniewski
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F.M. Cox
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A.H. Emmett
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K.E. Nielsen
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P.M. O'Byrne
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  • Article
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Figures

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  • Fig. 1.—
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    Fig. 1.—

    Principal component analysis. Four factors had Eigenvalues ≥1.0 (······) and explained 80.8% of the variance.

Tables

  • Figures
  • Table 1—

    Varimax rotated factor pattern (placebo baseline data from all three studies)

    Factor
    1234
    AQLQ activities89#11−12−17
    AQLQ environment83#7−3−7
    AQLQ symptoms74#6−40−30
    AQLQ emotions74#5−21−24
    FEV1092#−8−4
    PEF pm2384#−318
    PEF am1583#0−11
    FVC1580#−28
    FEF−1969#−12−16
    Night-time waking−24−684#15
    Night-time rescue β2‐agonist−10−675#18
    Night-time symptoms−25−451#44#
    Nights without β2‐agonist %136−77#−8
    Nights without waking %223−84#−7
    Short of breath daytime−42−7559#
    Activity limitation−48−21456#
    ΔPEF pm–am175−559#
    Chest tightness daytime−410051#
    Wheeze daytime−2361650#
    Rescue β2‐agonist daytime−4−101846#
    Days without β2‐agonist %40−11−44#
    • For clarity of reading, all values have been multiplied by 100

    • AQLQ: Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire

    • FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second

    • PEF: peak expiratory flow; FVC: forced vital capacity

    • FEF: forced expiratory flow

    • #: statistically significant loading on factor

  • Table 2—

    Factor loading across studies and time (varimax rotation) for placebo patients only

    Study number (baseline)Week (all studies)
    12304812
    AQLQ activities1111111
    AQLQ environment1111111
    AQLQ symptoms1,3111111
    AQLQ emotions1111111
    FEV1 % pred2222222
    PEF pm2222222
    PEF am2222222
    FVC2222222
    FEF2222222
    Night-time waking3333333
    Night-time β2‐agonist use3333333
    Night-time symptoms3,4333,43,44,34,3
    Nights without β2‐agonist %3333333
    Nights without waking %3333333
    Short of breath daytime44444,144
    Activity limitation44,14,144,144
    ΔPEF am–pm1,4444444
    Chest tightness daytime4444444
    Wheeze daytime4NoneNone4444
    β2‐agonist use daytime4444444
    Days without β2‐agonist %4NoneNone4444
    • Factors (1, 2, 3 or 4) onto which each of the 21 items loaded with statistical significance

    • If an item loaded on two factors, the one onto which it loaded most strongly is shown first

    • AQLQ: Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire

    • FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second

    • PEF: peak expiratory flow

    • FVC: forced vital capacity

    • FEF: forced expiratory flow

  • Table 3—

    Factor loading for salmeterol patients only

    Week
    04812
    AQLQ activities1111
    AQLQ environment1111
    AQLQ symptoms1111
    AQLQ emotions1111
    FEV1 % pred2222
    PEF pm2222
    PEF am2222
    FVC2222
    FEF2222
    Night-time waking3333
    Night-time β2‐agonist use3333
    Night-time symptoms3,43,44,34,3
    Nights without β2‐agonist %3333
    Nights without waking %3333
    Short of breath daytime4444
    Activity limitation4444
    ΔPEF am–pm4NoneNoneNone
    Chest tightness daytime4444
    Wheeze daytime4444
    β2‐agonist use daytime4444
    Days without β2‐agonist %None444
    • Factors (1, 2, 3 or 4) onto which each of the 21 items loaded with statistical significance

    • If an item loaded on two factors, the one onto which it loaded most strongly is shown first

    • AQLQ: Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire

    • FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second

    • PEF: peak expiratory flow

    • FVC: forced vital capacity

    • FEF: forced expiratory flow

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Relationship between quality of life and clinical status in asthma: a factor analysis
E.F. Juniper, M.E. Wisniewski, F.M. Cox, A.H. Emmett, K.E. Nielsen, P.M. O'Byrne
European Respiratory Journal Feb 2004, 23 (2) 287-291; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00064204

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Relationship between quality of life and clinical status in asthma: a factor analysis
E.F. Juniper, M.E. Wisniewski, F.M. Cox, A.H. Emmett, K.E. Nielsen, P.M. O'Byrne
European Respiratory Journal Feb 2004, 23 (2) 287-291; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.04.00064204
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