Figures
- Fig. 1.—
Prevalence of airway obstruction, by diagnostic definition and age group. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ♦: fixed ratio; ▪: % predicted; ▴: lower limit of normal; ○: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage IIA; ▿: self-report.
Tables
- Table 1
Definitions of airway obstruction
Definition Reference Self-reported diagnosis of chronic bronchitis or emphysema “self report” See text for description of variables used FEV1/FVC <0.70 and FEV1 <80% pred# GOLD Stage IIA 12 FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal¶ See text for comparability to ATS guidelines 13 FEV1/FVC <88% pred in males and <89% pred in females “per cent predicted” See text for comparability to ERS guidelines 14 FEV1/FVC <0.70 “fixed ratio” # “Clinical” definition 6, equivalent to GOLD Stage I 12 -
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
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FVC: forced vital capacity
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% pred: % predicted
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GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
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ATS; American Thoracic Society
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ERS: European Respiratory Society
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#: GOLD specifies that all FEV1 values should refer topostbronchodilator FEV1. The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) did not include reversibility testing 12
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¶: the ATS specifies that spirometry should be performed pre- and postbronchodilator. NHANES III did not include reversibility testing 13
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- Table 2
Population characteristics
Crude Weighted# FEV1 mL FEV1% pred FVC mL FVC% pred FEV1/FVC% FEV1/FVC% pred Total study population 9838 109483437 2900±866 95.7±16.7 3762±1038 99.6±15.1 77.0±9.0 96.6±10.2 Age yrs 30–34 1542 18978806 3484±777 100.0±12.6 4254±979 102.8±12.3 82.3±6.2 98.2±7.2 35–39 1400 17419936 3307±755 98.7±12.7 4083±970 101.2±12.9 81.4±6.0 98.3±7.0 40–44 1320 16797329 3228±734 98.1±13.2 4069±951 101.2±13.1 79.7±6.4 97.6±7.7 45–49 871 12041677 3056±744 96.1±15.1 3933±963 99.5±13.7 78.0±7.4 97.0±9.1 50–54 777 9354798 2856±765 93.0±16.6 3767±1005 97.0±14.6 76.2±8.0 96.0±9.9 55–59 734 8811569 2676±724 91.9±16.9 3600±965 96.6±15.1 74.7±8.3 95.4±10.4 60–64 940 7913347 2525±716 92.0±19.1 3452±934 97.4±16.7 73.4±9.3 95.1±11.9 65–69 827 7681211 2407±704 92.6±20.1 3331±937 98.0±18.1 72.6±9.3 95.4±12.0 70–74 805 6123341 2248±662 92.8±20.7 3186±901 98.1±17.7 71.2±10.5 95.0±13.8 75–80 622 4361424 2013±641 94.0±22.8 2899±881 99.3±19.6 70.1±11.5 95.1±15.4 Sex Male 4705 53264661 3367±847 95.0±16.9 4439±917 98.6±14.2 75.5±9.5 96.1±11.0 Female 5133 56218776 2472±630 96.3±16.6 3141±699 100.6±15.9 78.4±8.3 97.1±9.4 Race/ethnicity Mexican-American 2575 4868314 3028±820 98.0±14.6 3823±977 103.7±14.6 79.2±7.6 98.2±8.3 Non-Hispanic Black 2735 11234876 2745±797 97.1±17.2 3498±940 100.2±15.7 78.5±8.8 96.4±9.9 Non-Hispanic White 4528 93380248 2921±916 93.5±17.3 3887±1098 97.0±14.5 74.9±9.5 95.9±11.2 Smoking status Never 4313 45490508 2850±839 99.0±15.2 3592±1016 101.3±15.0 79.4±7.4 99.0±8.5 Former 2846 33672918 2941±880 94.8±17.2 3907±1034 99.1±14.9 75.0±9.5 95.8±10.9 Current 2679 30320012 2938±889 91.3±17.5 3882±1037 97.5±15.2 75.4±10.0 93.6±11.0 -
Data are presented as n or mean±sd
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FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
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FVC: forced vital capacity
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% pred: % predicted
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#: results are weighted to the general USA population
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- Table 3
Airway obstruction by diagnostic definition
Self-report GOLD stage IIA Lower limit of normal % pred Fixed ratio Prevalent cases 8.5 8.6 15.6 17.5 18.4 Rate per 1000 population Overall 77.3 78.7 142.1 160.0 167.8 Age yrs 30–34 49.3 17.3 83.7 90.4 44.7 35–39 39.5 18.2 92.5 100.1 54.6 40–44 65.6 35.7 115.8 127.1 94.8 45–49 77.1 50.2 138.8 152.5 133.5 50–54 86.8 102.5 156.1 178.8 181.9 55–59 92.3 137.6 191.8 212.1 255.6 60–64 109.4 152.4 197.7 234.4 311.5 65–69 124.0 179.3 212.5 256.1 345.4 70–74 137.0 189.0 228.6 258.3 406.2 75–80 121.9 194.8 227.2 261.8 416.9 Sex Male 58.2 84.8 150.0 160.9 199.0 Female 95.5 72.9 134.5 159.2 138.3 Race/Ethnicity Mexican-American 35.7 27.2 91.5 87.0 73.2 Non-Hispanic Black 58.0 58.5 119.6 144.8 116.8 Non-Hispanic White 81.8 83.8 147.4 165.6 178.9 Smoking Status Never 45.9 36.0 72.4 86.8 90.5 Former 86.4 89.0 156.6 178.9 213.9 Current 114.4 131.2 230.4 248.8 232.6 -
Prevalent cases are presented as n (millions). Results are weighted to the general USA population
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GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
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% pred: % predicted
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