Figures
- Fig. 1.—
Forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted (FEV1 % pred) and relative risk (RR) of hospital admission for new atrial fibrillation. Based on Cox regression model stratified by sex and age. Bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals. —: regression line.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline characteristics of the study population without pre-existing atrial fibrillation in accordance with the level of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) % predicted
Characteristics FEV1 % pred <60% 60–80% ≥80% Subjects n 1238 3872 8320 Females 588 (47.5) 2065 (53.3) 4693 (56.4) Age yrs 56.5±10.2 52.6±11.8 51.4±12.1 BMI kg·m−2 25.4±4.9 25.4±4.4 25.0±3.9 Systolic blood pressure mmHg 141.3±23.0 138.1±21.9 135.8±21.2 Diastolic blood pressure mmHg 84.9±12.8 82.9±12.2 82.4±12.2 Blood glucose mm·L−1 6.82±2.06 6.73±1.96 6.52±1.50 FEV1/FVC % 63.9±13.8 75.6±9.4 82.7±7.6 Current smokers 904 (73.0) 2818 (72.8) 4827 (58.0) Daily tobacco consumption g# 12.0±10.6 12.1±10.6 9.0±10.4 Exsmokers 186 (15.1) 515 (13.3) 1517 (18.3) Chest pain at activity 317 (25.6) 566 (14.6) 739 (8.9) Diabetes 66 (5.3) 140 (3.6) 168 (2.0) Treated with diuretics 165 (13.5) 348 (9.0) 615 (7.4) Education <9 yrs of school 1003 (81.3) 2636 (68.2) 4833 (58.2) -
Data are presented as mean±sd or n (%) unless otherwise indicated
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BMI: body mass index
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#: among current smokers
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For all characteristics p<0.001
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- Table 2—
Presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) at baseline, at re-examination and at incident hospitalisations according to lung function
FEV1 % pred <60% 60–80% ≥80% At baseline Subjects n 1253 3904 8351 Presence of AF 15 (1.20) 32 (0.82) 31 (0.37) At re-examination Subjects n 809 2947 6910 Presence of AF 9 (1.11) 25 (0.85) 28 (0.41) At hospital admission Subjects n 1167 3699 8315 All cases of AF 47 (4.03) 96 (2.60) 147 (1.77) AF as main diagnosis 46 (3.94) 28 (0.76) 19 (0.23) -
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated
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FEV1 % pred: forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted
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- Table 3—
Reduced lung function and odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of atrial fibrillation at re-examination after 5 yrs
Variable Model 1# Model 2¶ Age+ 1.07 (1.04–1.09)*** 1.06 (1.03–1.08)*** Females 1 (1) 1 (1) Males 2.62 (1.53–4.48)*** 2.38 (1.37–4.14)** FEV1 % pred ≥80% 1 (1) 1 (1) 60–80% 1.94 (1.13–3.34)* 1.75 (1.01–3.05)* <60% 2.03 (0.95–4.34) 1.64 (0.74–3.65) -
Data are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval)
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FEV1 % pred: forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted
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#: adjusted only for sex and age
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¶: adjusted for sex, age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes and body mass index
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+: per 10-yr increase
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*: p<0.05
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**: p<0.01
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***: p<0.001
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- Table 4—
Reduced lung function and relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) hospitalisation
New AF hospitalisation Model 1# Model 2¶ FEV1 % pred RR (95% CI) RR (95% CI) All cases of ≥80% 1 (1) 1 (1) AF 60–80% 1.46 (1.13–1.89)** 1.31 (1.00–1.70)* <60% 2.14 (1.54–2.98)*** 1.82 (1.29–2.56)** AF as main ≥80% 1 (1) 1 (1) diagnosis 60–80% 1.37 (0.85–2.19) 1.28 (0.79–2.06) <60% 2.83 (1.65–4.85)*** 2.53 (1.45–4.42)** -
Results are from Cox proportional hazards regression analysis
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FEV1 % pred: forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted
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#: stratified by sex, adjusted only for age
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¶: stratified by sex and adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, treatment with diuretics, body mass index, chest pain, smoking and education
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*: p<0.05
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**: p<0.01
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***: p<0.001
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