Tables
- Table 1
Baseline data of the 26392 subjects in the Copenhagen Centre for Population Studies by level of education
Level of education p‐value# <8 yrs 8–11 yrs >11 yrs Subjects n 10911 11672 3809 Age yrs 57.9±11.2 49.7±13.2 42.7±14.2 0.001 Females 5858 (53.7) 6292 (53.9) 1842 (48.4) 0.001 Current smokers 6968 (64.1) 6864 (58.9) 1839 (48.4) 0.001 Heavy smokers 3902 (35.9) 4001 (34.3) 976 (25.6) 0.001 ≥1 Room per person 9969 (93.3) 10615 (92.6) 3460 (93.1) 0.11 White collar 2704 (24.8) 6339 (35.4) 2691 (70.7) 0.001 Personal income ×1000 DKR 145±209 195±162 237±216 0.001 Cohabitating 7050 (64.6) 7867 (67.4) 2220 (58.3) 0.001 CCHS 7290 (66.8) 6924 (59.3) 2993 (78.6) 0.001 Born after 1920 7019 (64.3) 9561 (81.9) 3336 (87.6) 0.001 -
Data are presented as mean±sd or n (%) unless otherwise stated
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CCHS: Copenhagen City Heart Study
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#: from Chi‐squared or analysis of variance
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- Table 2
Crude relative risk (RR) of death from respiratory disease by indices of education, housing, employment grade, income, and family type in 13992 females and 12400 males in the Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies
Females Males Education <8 yrs 1 1 8–11 yrs 0.59 (0.44–0.79) 0.53 (0.40–0.70) >11 yrs 0.42 (0.20–0.89) 0.52 (0.33–0.82) Housing No central heating 1 1 Central heating 0.75 (0.56–1.02)§ 0.73 (0.56–0.94) <1 Room per person 1 1 ≥1 Room per person 1.16 (0.43–3.12) 0.52 (0.32–0.86) Employment grade Managers 1 1 Salaried employees 1.13 (0.55–2.29) 1.17 (0.66–2.08) Skilled labour 1.82 (0.24–14.15) 1.53 (0.91–2.59) Unskilled labour 1.53 (0.76–3.07) 2.33 (1.52–3.53) Outside work-force 1.76 (0.95–3.29) 2.37 (1.67–3.37) Blue collar# 1 1 White collar# 0.71 (0.43–1.15) 0.52 (0.37–0.74) Outside workforce 1.15 (0.75–1.75) 1.19 (0.86–1.64) Gross income Personal income Per 50000 DKR¶ 0.94 (0.86–1.03)ƒ 0.81 (0.76–0.87) Household income+ Per 100000 DKR¶ 1.00 (0.85–1.17) 0.96 (0.76–0.97) Family type Living alone 1 1 Cohabitating 0.97 (0.74–1.28) 0.60 (0.47–0.77) -
Data are presented as RR (95% confidence interval)
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#: blue-collar comprised skilled and unskilled labour
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white-collar comprised managers and salaried employees including self-employed and assistant wives
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¶: 8 DKR is ∼1
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+: subjects living alone excluded
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§: after adjustment for education, p=0.15
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ƒ: after adjustment for education, p=0.88
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Results from Cox regression analyses adjusted for age and cohort of origin
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- Table 3
Relative risk (RR) of death from respiratory disease by level of education and birth cohort in the Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies. Results from Cox regression analyses
Education Females# Males# Pooled, adjusted¶ Born before 1920+ <8 yrs 1 1 1 8–11 yrs 0.74 (0.50–1.08) 0.62 (0.44–0.88) 0.67 (0.52–0.87) >11 yrs 0.71 (0.31–1.63) 0.65 (0.38–1.11) 0.74 (0.47–1.16) Born 1920 or later+ <8 yrs 1 1 1 8–11 yrs 0.42 (0.27–0.68) 0.44 (0.28–0.69) 0.45 (0.32–0.62) >11 yrs 0.11 (0.02–0.81) 0.32 (0.13–0.80) 0.26 (0.11–0.58) -
Data are presented as RR (95% confidence interval)
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#: adjusted for age and cohort of origin
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¶: males and females pooled, adjusted for age, sex, cohort of origin and smoking (six categories)
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+: Chi‐squared test for interaction between birth cohort and level of education (females p=0.04; males p=0.25; pooled, adjusted p=0.05)
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- Table 4
Adjusted relative risk (RR) of death from respiratory disease by indices of education, housing, employment grade, income, and family type in 13992 females and 12400 males in the Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies
Females Males Education# <8 yrs Ref Ref ≥8 yrs 0.63 (0.47–0.86) 0.72 (0.55–0.95) Housing <1 Room per person Ref Ref ≥1 Room per person 0.99 (0.37–2.68) 0.51 (0.31–0.84) Employment grade¶ Blue collar Ref Ref White collar 0.94 (0.57–1.57) 0.68 (0.47–0.99) Outside workforce 1.53 (0.94–2.48) 0.94 (0.63–1.39) Gross income Personal income Per 50000 DKR+ 1.04 (0.91–1.19) 0.88 (0.79–0.97) Family type Living alone Ref Ref Cohabitating 1.07 (0.79–1.45) 0.67 (0.52–0.87) Smoking Never-smoker Ref Ref Exsmoker 2.96 (1.80–4.87) 1.39 (0.77–2.51) Current smoker Noninhaler 2.01 (1.23–3.27) 1.12 (0.61–2.07) 1–14 g·day−1 5.21 (3.23–8.41) 2.42 (1.34–4.37) 15–24 g·day−1 10.67 (6.62–17.23) 3.19 (1.81–5.64) >24 g·day−1 23.71 (12.30–45.73) 4.68 (2.52–8.69) -
Data are presented as RR (95% confidence interval)
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Ref: reference value
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#: education groups 8–11 yrs and >11 yrs pooled because of similar RRs
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¶: blue collar comprised skilled and unskilled labour
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white-collar comprised managers and salaried employees including self-employed and assistant wives
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+: 8 DKR is ∼1
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Results from Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, cohort of origin and covariates in the table
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