Figures
- Fig. 1.—
Dot plot of urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) concentrations corrected for creatinine in preschool children with acute viral wheeze (n=44), normal controls (n=15) and atopic controls (n=6). Horizontal bars represent medians. LTE4 levels are significantly higher in the acute preschool viral wheeze group. *: p<0.05 versus normal and versus atopic controls.
- Fig. 2.—
Paired change in urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) between the acute and convalescent phase of preschool viral wheeze. The fall in uLTE4 is significant. *: p<0.05, n=19, paired t‐test.
- Fig. 3.—
Urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) of children with acute preschool viral wheeze categorised by serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E. Horizontal bars represent medians. *: p<0.05, Mann-Whitney U‐test.
- Fig. 4.—
Serum a) total immunoglobulin (Ig)E and b) urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) in acute preschool viral wheeze (PVW). Children were categorised as either having a first attack (no previous symptoms), no interval symptoms (previous exclusive PVW) or interval symptoms (previous PVW with interval symptoms).
- Fig. 5.—
Scatter plot of the correlation between urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) and the duration between steroid administration and urine sampling in acute preschool viral wheeze. The zero time point represents children sampled before oral steroid therapy. There is no correlation between the two variables by Spearman rank correlation.
Tables
- Table 1—
Comparison between children with preschool viral wheeze (PVW) after stratification for serum total immunoglobulin (Ig)E during an acute attack
Serum total IgE ≤95th percentile >95th percentile Subjects n 21 23 Age months 29 (17–38) 38 (31–47) Male:female 13:8 19:4 Eczema present n 9 8 Parental history of asthma n 19 13 First attack of PVW n 4 4 Previous PVW and no interval symptoms n 12 14 Previous PVW with interval symptoms n 5 5 Number of previous attacks of PVW n 3 (2–7) 5 (2–7) uLTE4 during acute PVW ng·mM creatinine−1 150 (77–217) 211 (118–312)* Fall in uLTE4 on convalescence¶ ng·mM creatinine−1 34 (−93–160)+ 84 (36–131)#,§ -
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise stated
-
uLTE4: urinary leukotriene E4
-
¶: mean (95% confidence interval)
-
+: n=5
-
§: n=14
-
The 95th percentile of IgE based on 14 (<3 yrs 74 kU·L−1, 3–5 yrs 87 kU·L−1)
-
*: p<0.05 versus normal controls by Mann-Whitney U‐test
-
#: p<0.05 versus acute levels by paired t‐test
-
