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Chronic bronchitis among French adults: high prevalence and underdiagnosis

G.J. Huchon, A. Vergnenègre, F. Neukirch, G. Brami, N. Roche, P-M. Preux
European Respiratory Journal 2002 20: 806-812; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.00042002
G.J. Huchon
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A. Vergnenègre
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F. Neukirch
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G. Brami
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N. Roche
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P-M. Preux
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  • Fig. 1.—
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    Fig. 1.—

    Prevalence of chronic cough (□), chronic bronchitis (┘) and chronic expectoration (Embedded Image) according to the presence or absence of comorbidities and smoking habits. CI: confidence interval.

Tables

  • Figures
  • Table 1

    Description and comparison of responders and nonresponders

    RespondersNonrespondersp-value
    Sex
     Sex ratio M:F0.851.050.01
    Age
     25–39 yrs4634 (32.9)1405 (51.6)0.01
     40–59 yrs4305 (30.6)822 (30.2)
     >60 yrs5137 (36.5)497 (18.2)
     Mean age yrs51.143.30.01
    Socioeconomic status
     Manual workers#4285 (30.4)1061 (38.95)0.01
     Managers¶3446 (24.5)820 (30.1)0.01
     Nonworking population+6345 (45.1)843 (30.95)0.01
    Habitat
     Rural3346 (23.8)667 (24.5)ns
     Town <100000 inhabitants4535 (32.2)808 (29.6)ns
     Town >100000 inhabitants6195 (44.0)1249 (45.8)ns
    Area
     Paris area4993 (35.5)1002 (36.8)ns
     North & east2284 (16.2)393 (14.4)ns
     West & south-west3435 (24.4)671 (24.6)ns
     South-east & Mediterranean area3364 (23.9)658 (24.2)ns
    • Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated

    • M: male

    • F: female

    • ns: nonsignificant

    • #: farmers, employees, workers, etc.

    • ¶: company managers, managerial staff, professional people, middlemen, shopkeepers, foremen, craftsmen etc.

    • +: retired, others

  • Table 2

    Smoking habits in subjects with chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic cough (CC), chronic expectoration (CE) or no symptoms, according to presence or absence of comorbid illnesses

    No CC, no CECBCCCE
    With comorbidityWithout comorbidityWith comorbidityWithout comorbidityWith comorbidityWithout comorbidityWith comorbidityWithout comorbidity
    Subjects n177211700245336207468121269
    Current smokers14.920.228.257.426.150.019.827.1
     1–14 pack-yrs58.361.030.943.141.537.361.966.7
     15–24 pack-yrs23.320.723.722.524.423.714.315.0
     ≥25 pack-yrs18.518.345.534.434.139.023.818.3
     <1 cig·day−12.34.401.53.71.701.4
     2–20 cig·day−168.667.746.442.551.935.562.561.6
    ≥20 cig·day−129.228.153.656.044.562.837.537.0
     Duration yrs24.1±15.321.9±12.929.3±16.824.3±13.725.1±13.324.3±12.925.0±16.619.9±12.4
    Exsmokers34.029.631.419.430.918.441.332.3
     1–14 pack-yrs43.458.829.035.647.354.235.653.2
     15–24 pack-yrs19.918.023.218.70.115.324.421.5
     ≥25 pack-yrs60.423.247.845.843.530.640.025.3
     <1 cig·day−13.85.02.64.66.34.70.02.3
     2–20 cig·day−155.256.942.946.245.353.560.060.9
     ≥20 cig·day−141.038.154.549.248.441.940.036.8
     Duration yrs23.4±14.118.0±12.025.0±14.326.1±13.423.2±15.419.8±12.726.1±12.720.3±12.2
    Nonsmokers51.150.340.423.243.031.638.840.5
    • Data are expressed as % of the population unless otherwise stated

  • Table 3

    Risk factors for chronic cough, chronic expectoration and chronic bronchitis#

    ReferenceOdds ratio95% Confidence intervalp-value
    Chronic cough
     Current smokersNonsmokers2.792.30–3.39<0.0001
     ComorbidityNo comorb2.942.47–3.50<0.0001
     Pack-yrs11.011.01–1.02<0.0001
    Chronic expectoration
     Current smokersNonsmokers1.641.24–2.16<0.0001
     ComorbidityNo comorb2.742.19–3.42<0.0001
    Chronic bronchitis
     Current smokersNonsmokers3.412.75–4.22<0.0001
     ComorbidityNo comorb4.904.10–5.86<0.0001
     Pack-yrs11.021.01–1.02<0.0001
    • #: calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis and adjusted for age and sex

  • Table 4

    Individuals with chronic bronchitis (CB), chronic cough (CC) and chronic expectoration (CE) who had pulmonary function evaluation, a diagnosis of CB made, and/or were followed-up for CB

    CBCCCE
    With comorbidityWithout comorbidityWith comorbidityWithout comorbidityWith comorbidityWithout comorbidity
    Pulmonary function evaluation72.244.672.541.970.343.3
    Diagnosis of CB52.324.038.814.239.812.3
    Follow-up for CB37.67.223.73.721.03.3
    • Data are percentages

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Chronic bronchitis among French adults: high prevalence and underdiagnosis
G.J. Huchon, A. Vergnenègre, F. Neukirch, G. Brami, N. Roche, P-M. Preux
European Respiratory Journal Oct 2002, 20 (4) 806-812; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.00042002

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Chronic bronchitis among French adults: high prevalence and underdiagnosis
G.J. Huchon, A. Vergnenègre, F. Neukirch, G. Brami, N. Roche, P-M. Preux
European Respiratory Journal Oct 2002, 20 (4) 806-812; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.02.00042002
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