Figures
- Fig. 1.—
Increments in training loads during shoulder abduction exercise expressed as a percentage of the initial one-repetition maximum (%1RM) versus time (weeks). Data are presented as mean±SD.
- Fig. 2.—
Increments in a) treadmill speed and b) cycling load. Treadmill speed (○) is expressed as a percentage of the average speed obtained from the initial 6-min walking distance (%6MWDpeak) and treadmill duration (▴) is expressed in minutes (min) versus time (weeks). Cycling load (○) is expressed as a percentage of the initial maximum workload (%Wpeak) and cycling duration (▴) expressed in minutes (min) versus time (weeks). Data are presented as mean±SD.
- Fig. 3.—
Change in isometric knee extension peak torque (KEPT), maximal isometric knee extension force (KEF), knee flexion force (KFF), shoulder abduction force (SAF), and elbow flexion force (EFF), all expressed as a percentage of the initial value (%init) after strength training (□) or endurance training (└). Data are presented as mean±SEM. *: p<0.05 within group; **: p<0.01 between groups.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline characteristics
Resistance training Endurance training Sex, M:F 12:2 14:2 Age yrs 64±7 63±8 FEV1 % pred 40±18 41±20 FVC % pred 75±20 73±17 TL,CO % pred* 33±13 56±13 BMI, kg·m−2 24±5 26±5 Pa,O2, mmHg 63±14 70±20 Pa,CO2, mmHg 42±9 43±8 -
Data are presented as mean±sd
-
M: male
-
F: female
-
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
-
FVC: forced vital capacity
-
TL,CO: diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide
-
Pa,O2: oxygen tension in arterial blood
-
Pa,CO2: carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood
-
BMI: body mass index
-
*: p<0.05 between groups
-
- Table 2—
Baseline muscle forces, exercise capacity, and health related quality of life
Resistance training Endurance training PI,max % pred 65±11 62±22 PE,max % pred 76±14 74±26 KEPT % pred 61±15 54±14 HGF % pred 83±20 81±27 VO2peak % pred 47±18 54±12 Wpeak % pred 38±14 46±15 HRpeak % HRmax pred 84±8 91±11 V'E/MVV % 101±10 104±12 Borg score dyspnoea points 8±2 8±2 Borg score fatigue points 7±3 8±1 6MWD % pred 45±14 48±18 CRDQ points 72±17 75±21 -
Data are presented as mean±sd
-
PI,max: maximal inspiratory pressure
-
PE,max: maximal expiratory pressure
-
KEPT: knee extension peak torque
-
HGF: handgrip force
-
VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake
-
Wpeak: peak workload
-
6MWD: 6-min walking distance
-
Peak heart rate (HRpeak) expressed as % of maximal heart rate (HRmax) predicted
-
Ventilation (V'E) expressed as a % of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV)
-
Borg scores for dyspnoea and fatigue were taken at Wpeak
-
Total score Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRDQ) expressed in points
-
