Figures
- Fig. 1.—
a) A series of cough spikes superimposed on the maximal expiratory flow volume curve. b) An example of a patient who was unable to produce cough spikes. c) A grossly distorted cough flow/volume curve in a bulbar patient.
- Fig. 2.—
Comparison of vital capacity (VC) % predicted (% pred) in patients without cough spikes (♦) and those with cough spikes (○).
- Fig. 3.—
Kaplan-Meier curve comparing survival % predicted (% pred) in patients with spikes (○) and those without spikes (□). *: p<0.05.
Tables
- Table 1—
Baseline characteristics
No spikes (Group one) Spikes (Group two) p‐value Patients n 29 24 ‐ Age yrs 60.52±14.21 59.92±10.65 ns Sex M:F 20:9 22:2 ns Disease duration months 35.15±32.48 27.86±22.75 ns Bulbar 21 4 # BMI kg·m−2 22±3.33 25.63±3.73 *** VC % pred 61.62±23.6 76±20.95 * CPFR L·min−1 181.86±117.62 337.33±105.22 # MIP % pred 16.63±11.14 36.92±26.07 *** MEP % pred 19.83±13.21 45.67±27.37 # -
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated
-
M: male
-
F: female
-
BMI: body mass index
-
VC: vital capacity
-
CPFR: cough peak flow rate
-
MIP: inspiratory mouth pressure
-
MEP: expiratory mouth pressure
-
NS: nonsignificant
-
*: p<0.05
-
***: p<0.001
-
#: p<0.0001
-
- Table 2—
Comparison of baseline data in patients who were dead or alive at 18 months
Dead Alive p‐value Patients n 35 18 Age yrs 63.6±11.57 53.72±12.26 ** Sex M:F 27:8 15:3 ns Disease duration months 30.06±28.97 35.29±28.08 ns Bulbar 19 6 ns BMI kg·m−2 23.13±3.80 24.97±4.06 ns VC % pred 61.91±21.57 80.28±22.08 ** CPFR L·min−1 214.89±131.26 324.94±116.24 ** MIP % pred 20.13±18.43 37.83±24.32 ** MEP % pred 27.03±21.68 42.28±27.66 * Spikes 12 12 * -
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated
-
M: male
-
F: female
-
BMI: body mass index
-
VC: vital capacity
-
CPFR: cough peak flow rate
-
MIP: inspiratory mouth pressure
-
MEP: expiratory mouth pressure
-
*: p<0.05
-
**: p<0.01
-
NS: nonsignificant
-
- Table 3—
Cox's proportional hazards model for survival
Hazard ratio p‐value 95% CI Spikes 0.99 0.98 0.30–3.24 Age 1.04 0.04 1.00–1.08 Sex 0.85 0.75 0.30–2.40 Peak Flow 1.00 0.64 0.99–1.00 Mean inspiratory pressure % 0.98 0.33 0.95–1.02 VC % 0.98 0.15 0.96–1.01 -
CI: confidence interval
-
VC: vital capacity
-
