Reference | Population studied | Case/controls n | Study design | Type of infection | % Efficacy or effectiveness (95% CI) |
38
| Patients admitted to a Veterans Administration Centre | 89/89 | Case-control | Bacteraemia | −21 (−221–55) |
39
| Patients > 55 yrs of age admitted to hospital | 122/244 | Case-control | Invasive infection | 70 (37–86) |
19
| Patients ≥18 yrs of age admitted to hospital | 983/983 | Case-control | Invasive infection | |
All patients | 56 (42–67) |
Immunocompetent patients | 61 (47–72) |
Immunocomopromized patients | 21 (−55–60) |
Persons aged 65–74 yrs (yr <3) | 80 (51–92) |
Persons aged 65–74 yrs (yr 3–5) | 71 (30–88) |
Persons aged 65–74 yrs (yr >5) | 58 (−2–83) |
Persons aged 75–84 yrs (yr <3) | 67 (20–87) |
Persons aged 75–84 yrs (yr 3–5) | 53 (15–81) |
Persons aged ≥85 yrs (yr <3) | 46 (−31–78) |
20
| Patients >5 yrs of age with pneumococcal bacteraemia or meningitis | 515/2322 | Indirect cohort | Bacteraemia and/or meningitis | |
All patients | 57 (45–66) |
Moderate risk patients | 49 (23–65) |
High risk patients | 49 (22–67) |
Patients aged ≥65 yrs | 75 (57–85) |
40
| Patients ≥2 yrs of age with a chronic illness, or ≥65 yrs of age | 85/152 | Case-control | Bacteraemia | 81 (34–94) |