Figures
- Fig. 1.—
Comparisons among different subgroups for: a) fibre size;and b) the percentage of type I fibres. Controls are represented by circles whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are represented by triangles. Bars represent mean values. No significant statistical difference was observed for either comparison.
- Fig. 2.—
Comparisons among different subgroups (control, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe COPD) for enzyme activities. a) CS (citrate synthase) activity; b) PFK (phosphofructokinase) activity; c) LD (lactate dehydrogenase) activity; and d) CK (creatinine kinase) activity. Bars represent mean values; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001; #: p=0.07; ¶: nonsignificant.
- Fig. 3.—
Relationships observed between: a) citrate synthase (CS) activity and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (r=−0.664, p<0.01); b) CS activity and residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) (r=0.563, p=0.01); c) lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity and FEV1 (r=−0.593, p<0.01); and d) LD activity and RV/TLC (r=0.590, p=0.01). Circles represent control subjects whereas triangles are used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
Tables
- Table 1
Individual and mean values of the main general and functional variables obtained in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Patient Age BMI FEV1 FEV1/FVC RV/TLC D L,CO P a,O2 V O2,max Handgrip No. yrs kg·m−2 % pred % % % ref mmHg % ref % pred % pred % pred 1 53 28 60 62 50 78 83 89 90 77 61 2 74 24 59 59 53 70 76 ND 131 144 97 3 52 20 74 59 49 94 89 69 95 83 56 4 78 22 50 53 68 56 91 33 64 52 73 5 40 20 62 59 ND ND 95 40 89 85 81 6 63 21 50 49 51 55 92 50 62 57 51 7 67 22 49 55 63 61 84 74 68 58 87 8 71 30 22 47 69 67 74 53 88 78 112 9 58 20 35 50 67 38 65 33 25 ND 65 10 69 23 49 60 69 73 77 68 87 ND 87 Mean 63 23 51 55 60 66 83 57 80 79 77 ±sd 12 3 15 5 9 16 10 20 28 29 19 BMI: body mass index
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second
FEV1/FVC: ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity
RV/TLC: ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity
DL,CO: corbon monoxide diffusion capacity or the lung
Pa,O2; VO2,max: maximal oxygen consumption
PI,max: maximal inspiratory mouth pressure
PE,max: maximal expiratory mouth pressure
