The healthy lung has previously been considered to be a sterile organ because standard
microbiological culture techniques consistently yield negative results. However, culture-…

The ecological relationships that organisms establish with others can be considered as broad
and diverse as the forms of life that inhabit and interact in our planet. Those interactions …

Gut microbiota-related metabolites are potential clinical biomarkers for cardiovascular disease
(CVD). Circulating succinate, a metabolite produced by both microbiota and the host, is …

Intracellular bacteria are characterized by genome reduction. The 422,434–base pair
genome of Buchnera aphidicola BCc, primary endosymbiont of the aphid Cinara cedri, is ∼200 …

Background Recent genomic analyses of arthropod defense mechanisms suggest conservation
of key elements underlying responses to pathogens, parasites and stresses. At the …

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a novel target in depression, a disorder with
low treatment efficacy. However, the field is dominated by underpowered studies focusing on …

Blastocystis is a unicellular stramenopile of controversial pathogenicity in humans [1, 2].
Although it is a strict anaerobe, Blastocystis has mitochondrion-like organelles with cristae, a …

Bronchial colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) is often demonstrated
in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but culture-based techniques identify …

Growing evidence implicates the gut microbiome in cognition. Viruses, the most abundant life
entities on the planet, are a commonly overlooked component of the gut virome, dominated …

Viromics, or viral metagenomics, is a relatively new and burgeoning field of research that
studies the complete collection of viruses forming part of the microbiota in any given niche. It …