The concept of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is well established. Here, we
review the evidence base and methods used to define MCIDs as well as their strengths and …

Ambroxol is frequently used as mucolytic agent in respiratory diseases associated with
increased mucus production like acute or chronic bronchitis. Further, ambroxol is used topically (…

Background: Patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite
Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2002 step 4 therapy are a challenging population with …

Background Treatment guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators
to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations in patients with moderate-to-…

Bronchodilators are the cornerstone of symptomatic treatment for all chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) severity stages when administered on a regular basis to prevent or …

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is usually classified into a two-stage system, limited (LD) and
extensive disease (ED). However, the criteria for these two categories remain controversial. …

Study objectives: Neutrophilic inflammation is a major feature of COPD. Several factors in
bronchial secretions have been identified as chemoattractants for neutrophils. The present …

Background The most prevalent phenotype of asthma is characterized by eosinophil-dominated
inflammation that is driven by a type 2 helper T cell (Th2). Therapeutic targeting of …

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) affect many inflammatory pathways in asthma but
have little impact on cysteinyl leukotrienes. This may partly explain persistent airway …

Background: Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of
metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are involved in the turnover of extracellular matrix. Chronic …