To have a >50% chance of limiting warming below 2 C, most recent scenarios from
integrated assessment models (IAMs) require large-scale deployment of negative emissions …

Atmospheric aerosols counteract the warming effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gases
by an uncertain, but potentially large, amount. This in turn leads to large uncertainties in the …

We have extended our understanding of the molecular biology that underlies adult glioblastoma
over many years. By contrast, high-grade gliomas in children and adolescents have …

The continued increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide due to anthropogenic
emissions is predicted to lead to significant changes in climate 1 . About half of the …

Language modelling provides a step towards intelligent communication systems by harnessing
large repositories of written human knowledge to better predict and understand the world…

Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of patients with cancer.
For the approximately 100 known tumour types of the central nervous system, standardization …

We enhance auto-regressive language models by conditioning on document chunks retrieved
from a large corpus, based on local similarity with preceding tokens. With a 2 trillion token …

… of 2 C to just under 0.4 Tt C for the 2000–2050 period, compared with a budget for this period
of 0.4–0.5 Tt C in the scenarios that we find give a most likely warming of 2 C due to CO 2 …

This article reports key findings from the first phase of a research project investigating Net
generation age students as they encounter e-learning at five universities in England. We take …

The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden reduction of both GHG
emissions and air pollutants. Here, using national mobility data, we estimate global …