This paper is the text of a talk given at the European Respiratory Society meeting in Berlin in September 1997 in a symposium organized by the Sleep Disorders Working Group. It covers new treatments for obstructive sleep apnoea which are not established as standard treatments. Although postural treatment was proposed a long time ago, few studies have investigated its efficacy in clinical practice. However, in view of the data concerning postural sleep apnoea, it certainly deserves more consideration. Oral appliances appear to have become more popular as an alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) when surgery is not desired or not desirable. A few controlled studies have been undertaken to establish its efficacy, which is less constant and less predictable than with CPAP. Other experimental approaches include nerve and muscle stimulation, for which preliminary results are promising. In the area of drug treatment, there is nothing new. Finally, the questions of what to do when treatment does not work and who should receive treatment are addressed.