Abstract
Activation of the classical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway leads to proliferation of many cell types. Accordingly, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD 098059, inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that do not secrete growth-inhibitory PGs such as PGE2. In striking contrast, in SMCs that express the inducible form of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), activation of MAPK serves as a negative regulator of proliferation. In these cells, PDGF-induced MAPK activation leads to cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation, PGE2 release, and subsequent activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which acts as a strong inhibitor of SMC proliferation. Inhibition of either MAPK kinase signaling or of COX-2 in these cells releases them from the influence of the growth-inhibitory PGs and results in the subsequent cell cycle traverse and proliferation. Thus, the MAPK pathway mediates either proliferation or growth inhibition in human arterial SMCs depending on the availability of specific downstream enzyme targets.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Cell Division / drug effects
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Cell Division / physiology*
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Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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DNA / biosynthesis
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Dinoprostone / antagonists & inhibitors
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Dinoprostone / metabolism
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Dinoprostone / pharmacology
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Flavonoids / pharmacology
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Humans
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Indomethacin / pharmacology
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Isoenzymes / metabolism
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MAP Kinase Kinase 1
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Membrane Proteins
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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Muscle, Smooth / physiology*
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Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / physiology*
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Phospholipases A / metabolism
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Phospholipases A2
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Phosphorylation / drug effects
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / pharmacology*
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / metabolism
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / physiology*
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / physiology*
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Signal Transduction / drug effects
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
Substances
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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Flavonoids
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Isoenzymes
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Membrane Proteins
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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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DNA
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 1
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MAP2K1 protein, human
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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Phospholipases A
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Phospholipases A2
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Dinoprostone
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2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
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Indomethacin