Can bronchodilators improve exercise tolerance in COPD patients without dynamic hyperinflation?

J Bras Pneumol. 2014 Mar-Apr;40(2):111-8. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132014000200003.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the modulatory effects that dynamic hyperinflation (DH), defined as a reduction in inspiratory capacity (IC), has on exercise tolerance after bronchodilator in patients with COPD.

Methods: An experimental, randomized study involving 30 COPD patients without severe hypoxemia. At baseline, the patients underwent clinical assessment, spirometry, and incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). On two subsequent visits, the patients were randomized to receive a combination of inhaled fenoterol/ipratropium or placebo. All patients then underwent spirometry and submaximal CPET at constant speed up to the limit of tolerance (Tlim). The patients who showed ΔIC(peak-rest) < 0 were considered to present with DH (DH+).

Results: In this sample, 21 patients (70%) had DH. The DH+ patients had higher airflow obstruction and lower Tlim than did the patients without DH (DH-). Despite equivalent improvement in FEV1 after bronchodilator, the DH- group showed higher ΔIC(bronchodilator-placebo) at rest in relation to the DH+ group (p < 0.05). However, this was not found in relation to ΔIC at peak exercise between DH+ and DH- groups (0.19 ± 0.17 L vs. 0.17 ± 0.15 L, p > 0.05). In addition, both groups showed similar improvements in Tlim after bronchodilator (median [interquartile range]: 22% [3-60%] vs. 10% [3-53%]; p > 0.05).

Conclusions: Improvement in TLim was associated with an increase in IC at rest after bronchodilator in HD- patients with COPD. However, even without that improvement, COPD patients can present with greater exercise tolerance after bronchodilator provided that they develop DH during exercise.

OBJETIVO:: Investigar os efeitos moduladores da hiperinsuflação dinâmica (HD), definida pela redução da capacidade inspiratória (CI), na tolerância ao exercício após broncodilatador em pacientes com DPOC.

MÉTODOS:: Estudo experimental e randomizado com 30 pacientes com DPOC sem hipoxemia grave. Na visita inicial, os pacientes realizaram avaliação clínica, espirometria e teste de exercício cardiopulmonar (TECP) incremental. Em duas visitas subsequentes, os pacientes foram randomizados para receber uma combinação de fenoterol/ipratrópio ou placebo e, em seguida, realizaram espirometria e TECP com velocidade constante até o limite da tolerância (Tlim). Os pacientes com ΔCI(pico-repouso) < 0 foram considerados com HD (HD+).

RESULTADOS:: Nesta amostra, 21 pacientes (70%) apresentaram HD. Os pacientes HD+ apresentaram maior obstrução ao fluxo aéreo e menor Tlim do que os pacientes sem HD (HD-). Apesar de ganhos equivalentes de VEF1 após broncodilatador, o grupo HD- apresentou maior ΔCI(broncodilatador-placebo) em repouso em relação ao grupo HD+ (p < 0,05). Entretanto, isso não ocorreu com a ΔCI no pico do exercício entre os grupos HD+ e HD- (0,19 ± 0,17 L vs. 0,17 ± 0,15 L; p > 0,05). Similarmente, ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoras equivalentes do Tlim após broncodilatador (mediana [intervalo interquartílico]: 22% [3-60%] e 10% [3-53%]; p > 0,05).

CONCLUSÕES:: A melhora da CI em repouso após broncodilatador associou-se com ganho de tolerância ao esforço mesmo nos pacientes com DPOC que não apresentem HD. Por outro lado, pacientes sem melhora da CI em repouso ainda podem obter beneficio funcional com o broncodilatador desde que apresentem HD no exercício.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Bronchodilator Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Exercise Test / methods*
  • Exercise Tolerance / drug effects*
  • Forced Expiratory Volume / drug effects
  • Humans
  • Inspiratory Capacity / drug effects
  • Lung / physiopathology
  • Placebos
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / drug therapy*
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / physiopathology*
  • Spirometry
  • Vital Capacity / drug effects

Substances

  • Bronchodilator Agents
  • Placebos