Mindfulness-based training attenuates insula response to an aversive interoceptive challenge

Lori Haase; Nate J Thom; Akanksha Shukla; Paul W Davenport; Alan N Simmons; Elizabeth A Stanley; Martin P Paulus; Douglas C Johnson

doi:10.1093/scan/nsu042

Mindfulness-based training attenuates insula response to an aversive interoceptive challenge

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2016 Jan;11(1):182-90. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsu042. Epub 2014 Apr 8.

Authors

Lori Haase¹, Nate J Thom², Akanksha Shukla¹, Paul W Davenport³, Alan N Simmons⁴, Elizabeth A Stanley⁵, Martin P Paulus⁶, Douglas C Johnson⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
² Warfighter Performance Department, Navel Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
³ Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA and.
⁵ Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
⁶ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA and mpaulus@ucsd.edu.
⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA, Warfighter Performance Department, Navel Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA.

Abstract

Neuroimaging studies of mindfulness training (MT) modulate anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula among other brain regions, which are important for attentional control, emotional regulation and interoception. Inspiratory breathing load (IBL) is an experimental approach to examine how an individual responds to an aversive stimulus. Military personnel are at increased risk for cognitive, emotional and physiological compromise as a consequence of prolonged exposure to stressful environments and, therefore, may benefit from MT. This study investigated whether MT modulates neural processing of interoceptive distress in infantry marines scheduled to undergo pre-deployment training and deployment to Afghanistan. Marines were divided into two groups: individuals who received training as usual (control) and individuals who received an additional 20-h mindfulness-based mind fitness training (MMFT). All subjects completed an IBL task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and post-MMFT training. Marines who underwent MMFT relative to controls demonstrated a significant attenuation of right anterior insula and ACC during the experience of loaded breathing. These results support the hypothesis that MT changes brain activation such that individuals process more effectively an aversive interoceptive stimulus. Thus, MT may serve as a training technique to modulate the brain's response to negative interoceptive stimuli, which may help to improve resilience.

Keywords: fMRI; insula; interoception; military; mindfulness.

Publication types

Multicenter Study
Randomized Controlled Trial
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Arousal / physiology*
Attention / physiology
Cerebral Cortex / physiology*
Dominance, Cerebral / physiology
Emotions / physiology
Female
Gyrus Cinguli / physiology*
Humans
Interoception / physiology*
Magnetic Resonance Imaging* / methods
Male
Military Personnel*
Mindfulness*
Nerve Net / physiology
Resilience, Psychological
Self-Control / psychology
Young Adult

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding