The present article reports the guidelines made by the European Lung Cancer Working Party (ELCWP) in April 2005 for the management of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). They aim to answer to the following eleven questions: 1) Is surgery the best therapy for a potentially resectable cancer? 2) How is complete resection defined? 3) Is a systematic lymph node dissection necessary during surgery? 4) Which place for radiotherapy after complete resection? 5) Should adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy be administered in case of clinical stage I or II? 6) Should adjuvant chemotherapy be administered in case of pathological stage I or II? 7) Is adjuvant therapy advisable after complete resection for pathological stage IIIA N2? If yes, what type: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, radiochemotherapy? 8) What are the indications for surgery after induction treatment in clinical stage IIIA or B? 9) In clinical stage IIIA or B, is preoperative induction therapy required, and if yes, what type? 10) What type of treatment is indicated after an incomplete surgical resection? 11) What is the best regimen for (neo) adjuvant chemotherapy?