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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 33(06): 606-619
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325191
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Role of Air Pollution in Adult-Onset Asthma: A Review of the Current Evidence

Benedicte Jacquemin
1   Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
2   Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
,
Tamara Schikowski
3   Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
4   University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
,
Anne Elie Carsin
5   Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
6   Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
7   Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
8   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
,
Anna Hansell
9   MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
10   Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
,
Ursula Krämer
11   Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
,
Jordi Sunyer
5   Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
6   Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
7   Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
8   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
,
Nicole Probst-Hensch
3   Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
4   University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
,
Francine Kauffmann
1   Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
2   Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
,
Nino Künzli
3   Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
4   University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
23 August 2012 (online)

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Abstract

The causes of adult-onset asthma are poorly established, and the asthmogenic role of air pollution has been investigated primarily in children. This review assesses the current evidence of the association between air pollution and asthma incidence among subjects free of asthma at least until late childhood. Seven publications from five study populations fulfilled the inclusion criteria (one case-control and six cohort studies). All but one used markers of local traffic-related air pollution to characterize long-term exposure. Those studies reported similar associations with traffic-related air pollution. However, protocols, definitions of asthma, and exposure assignment were rather heterogeneous, and three publications relied on the same study; thus we abstain from meta-analytic summaries. Reported patterns of effect modification (e.g., by sex, atopy, or smoking) were inconsistent. Overall, the role of traffic-related air pollution in adult-onset asthma is less conclusive than in childhood asthma. Larger studies with more consistent definitions of phenotypes and exposure assessment for local traffic-related pollutants (e.g., ultrafine particles) are needed. Pooling existing cohorts such as in the ongoing European ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM consortia are promising steps. There is, however, a need for large-scale megacohorts to investigate these effects in standardized ways and to identify the most susceptible populations.

Keywords

asthma incidence - air pollution - adults - traffic - ultrafine particulate matter
 

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