Case StudyA nanomaterial-based breath test for short-term follow-up after lung tumor resection
Graphical Abstract
The breath print of early-stage malignant tumors: discriminant factor analysis of the sensing signals that were collected from the nanomaterial-based sensors before and after lung resection.
Section snippets
Patients
Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Rambam Healthcare Campus and the Technion's committee for supervision of human experiments, Haifa, Israel, and the clinical trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (registration no.: NCT01234987). Seventeen patients, aged 50–80 years that were scheduled for lung resection after being diagnosed with small, potentially malignant lung nodules by conventional methods, were enrolled. After histological examination, twelve patients were
Chemical analysis of the breath from pre-surgery and post-surgery LC patients
The chemical composition of the breath samples from the patients with early-stage LC was compared before and after surgery, using GC-MS (see Table 1). Contaminants from the hospital air at the location of the breath tests (sampled on the collection days) were identified and were subsequently discharged from the GC-MS analysis.
We tracked 34 VOCs that were present in 90–100% of the pre-surgery and of the post-surgery samples. Among these we identified a total of five VOCs that were on average
VOC markers of malignant lung tumors
A number of different VOCs in the breath of LC patients have been reported in the literature, but their origin is not yet well understood.2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16 They could either be exhaled directly from the affected area of the lung or be of systemic origin. Compounds that stem directly from the lung could include:(i) metabolic products from a tumor at the alveolar membrane, which marks the gas-exchange surface that is in direct contact with the respiratory air; (ii) metabolic products
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Conflict of interest statement: none of the authors declare a conflict of interest.
Sources of Support: The research leading to these results has received funding from the FP7's ERC grant under DIAG-CANCER (grant agreement no. 256639; H.H.).