Rhinitis, sinusitis, and upper airway diseaseRhinovirus has the unique ability to directly activate human T cells in vitro
Section snippets
Reagents
Cells were grown in RPMI 1640 with HEPES, 10% FBS, 2 mmol/L glutamine, and nonessential amino acids (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif). LPS, Pam3CSK4, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]), and R-848 were from InvivoGen (San Diego, Calif). Fluorophore-labeled antibodies were from BD Biosciences (San Jose, Calif). RV-16 VP2 mAb (R16-VP2) was a kind gift from Dr James Gern, University of Wisconsin.18 See the Methods section in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org for complete
Rhinovirus-induced T-cell proliferation does not depend on MHC-II–restricted antigen presentation
Our previous experiments with RSV and PIV indicated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were a requisite for T-cell activation. We tested whether APCs were also required for rhinovirus-induced T-cell activation. First, we analyzed the role of MHC-II–restricted antigen presentation in rhinovirus-induced T-cell proliferation. Chloroquine inhibits MHC-II antigen presentation, hampering antigen processing and loading onto MHC-II molecules.22, 23, 24, 25 moDCs were exposed to RSV or rhinovirus, with or
Discussion
To understand the immune cell interactions that take place in the airways of patients with allergic asthma encountering viral infections, we developed an in vitro coculture model using autologous moDCs and T lymphocytes with eosinophils.8 In our study we found novel attributes of rhinovirus versus another common airway virus, which could explain, at least in part, the reason why rhinovirus is so adept at inducing inflammatory reactions.
For the first time, we provide evidence that rhinovirus has
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Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. D.J.A. was an Alberta Heritage Clinical Investigator. R.I. received funding from CONACyT-Mexico. D.P. holds a Canada Research Chair in Inflammatory Airway Diseases.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.