Chemical Suppression of Adaptive Immunity

doi:10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60522-2

Advances in Immunology

Volume 6, 1967, Pages 91-229

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60522-2 Get rights and content

Publisher Summary

The chapter constitutes a monumental review of current knowledge of chemical suppression of adaptive immunity. The chapter's interpretation is based on the hypothesis that there are two functionally distinct lymphoid systems: (1) thymus dependent involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity and (2) dependent on the bursa of fabricius or its analogue in mammals involved in antibody production. Immunosuppressive methods have already produced successes in homografting despite their limitations. The limitations of current immunosuppression are legion, the central dilemma being the balance of rejection threat on one hand and infectious threat on the other. Their rational use and development is assisted by in this chapter. It is certain that the pharmacology of immunosuppression will develop in a most impressive manner; the steps will strengthen progressively in the ensuing years, and immunosuppressive therapy may be forthcoming that will strengthen the armamentarium of medicine.

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Sulfur mustard (2,2-dichloroethyl sulfide, SM) has been documented as an alkylating agent. It has been widely used as a chemical weapon during the last two decades. Despite extensive worldwide research, no effective therapy has yet been devised for the treatment of patients exposed to SM. A severe suppression of the immune system still remains as the major cause of opportunistic infections, septicemia and death in such patients. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effect of SM on natural killer (NK) cells in patients suffering from SM injuries. Patients were classified into three groups: mild, moderate and severe. Blood sample obtained from each patient was examined using flowcytometric technique. Results showed that the percentage of NK cells (CD45⁺/CD56⁺) is significantly lower in severe patients than that of the control group (P<0.05). It was also observed that the activity of NK cells (CD56⁺/CD25⁺) in severe alkylating group is noticeably higher compared with the control group (P<0.1).
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¹: Original work from our laboratories was supported by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service (AI-00798, HE-02085, NB-02042, HE-06314, HE-05662), the American Heart Association, and the National Foundation.

²: Research Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, U.S. Public Health Service grant 9T1-AI292.

³: American Legion Memorial Heart Research Professor of Pediatrics and Microbiology.

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Chemical Suppression of Adaptive Immunity1

Publisher Summary

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

Blood

J. Allergy

Life Sci.

Biochem. Pharniacol.

Lancet

Biochem. Pharmacol.

Arch. Intern. Pharmacodyn.

Nature

J. Clin. Invest.

Surg. Forum

Transplantation

Arch. Disease Childhood

Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med.

Nature

Federation Proc.

Federation Proc.

J. Exptl. Med.

Federation Proc.

Federation Proc.

Federation Proc.

J. Exptl. Med.

Immunology

Rev. Franc. Etudes Clin. Biol.

Nature

Lab. Invest.

J. Exptl. Med.

Nature

Natunoisscnschaften

Brit. J. Pharmacol

J. Immunol.

Surgery

Science

Blood

Arch. Surg.

Transplantation

Science

Proc Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med.

Med. Klin.

Deut. Med. Woclischr.

Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol.

Nature

Nature

Nature

Brit. Med. Bull.

Immunology

Immunology

Chemical Suppression of Adaptive Immunity¹