Abstract
We have cloned a novel member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily from a human placental cDNA library. The sequence is identical to five very recently published sequences, of which only one (macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, MIC-1) has been characterized in terms of function. In light of the present data demonstrating the wide distribution of the mRNA and putative multifunctionality, we propose to name this molecule growth/differentiation factor-15/MIC-1 (GDF-15/MIC-1). The deduced amino acid sequence reveals typical features of a secreted molecule. The epithelium of the choroid plexus is the only site in the adult brain expressing detectable levels of GDF-15/MIC-1 mRNA. Many epithelia of non-neural tissues including those of the prostate and intestinal mucosa, bronchi and bronchioli, secretory tubuli of the submandibular gland, and lactating mammary gland are prominent sites of GDF-15/MIC-1 synthesis. GDF-15/MIC-1 is also strongly expressed by macrophages in the adrenal gland. Thus, GDF-15/MIC-1, like many other members of the TGF-β superfamily, is widely distributed in adult tissues, being most strongly expressed in epithelial cells and macrophages.
Similar content being viewed by others
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Received: 25 January 1999 / Accepted: 17 March 1999
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Böttner, M., Suter-Crazzolara, C., Schober, A. et al. Expression of a novel member of the TGF-β superfamily, growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage-inhibiting cytokine-1 (GDF-15/MIC-1) in adult rat tissues. Cell Tissue Res 297, 103–110 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/s004410051337
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s004410051337