Age (years) | 57.5±17.8 | 61.0±18.8 | 0.641 |
Sex | | | |
Male | 21 (23.3) | 16 (24.2) | 1.000 |
Female | 69 (76.7) | 50 (75.8) | |
SSc disease duration (years)# | 5.0±8.2 | 5.3±9.2 | 0.874 |
SSc subset [18] | | | |
Limited cutaneous SSc | 41 (45.6) | 37 (56.1) | 0.041* |
Diffuse cutaneous SSc | 42 (46.7) | 29 (43.9) | |
No skin involvement | 7 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
Skin involvement | | | |
Limited cutaneous | 31 (34.4) | 37 (56.1) | <0.001* |
Diffuse cutaneous | 43 (47.8) | 29 (43.9) | |
No skin involvement | 9 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Only sclerodactyly | 7 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
Autoantibodies | | | |
Anti-centromere positive | 13 (14.4) | 7 (10.6) | 1.000 |
Anti-topoisomerase 1 positive | 41 (45.6) | 24 (36.4) | 0.614 |
Anti-RNA polymerase III positive | 7 (7.8) | 8 (12.1) | 0.261 |
Anti-PM/Scl positive | 18 (20.0) | 4 (6.1) | 0.032* |
FVC (% pred) | 87.5±33.9 | 85.0±36.0 | 0.605 |
≥70% pred | 64 (71.1) | 44 (66.7) | 0.851 |
<70% pred | 24 (26.7) | 15 (22.7) | |
DLCO (% pred) | 66.5±29.4 | 61.0±29.0 | 0.078 |
FEV1 (% pred) | 88.7±31.2 | 77.0±26.5 | 0.088 |
Pulmonary hypertension¶ | 20 (22.2) | 6 (9.1) | 0.048* |
PAPsys (mmHg)+ | 26.0±10.0 | 21.0±20.0 | 0.028* |
CRP (mg·L−1) | 3.1±5.6 | 3.6±8.0 | 0.259 |
6-min walk distance (m) | 511.0±161.0 | NA | NA |
SpO2 before 6MWT (%) | 96.0±2.0 | NA | NA |
SpO2 after 6MWT (%) | 95.0±7.0 | NA | NA |
Borg scale (range 0–10) | 3.0±2.0 | NA | NA |
Extent of lung fibrosis on HRCT | | | |
<20% | 50 (55.6) | 30 (45.5) | 0.257 |
≥20% | 40 (44.4) | 36 (54.5) | |
Ground-glass opacification | 45 (50.0) | 42 (63.6) | 0.104 |
Reticular changes | 87 (96.7) | 51 (77.3) | <0.001* |
Traction bronchiectasis | 50 (55.6) | 27 (40.9) | 0.077 |
Honeycombing | 22 (24.4) | 16 (24.2) | 1.000 |
Bullae | 3 (3.3) | 4 (6.1) | 0.457 |
Radiological subtype | | | |
NSIP | 49 (54.4) | 34 (51.5) | 0.602 |
UIP§ | 37 (41.1) | 27 (40.9) | |
DIP | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Unclassifiable | 3 (3.3) | 5 (7.6) | |
Immunomodulatory therapyƒ | 51 (56.7) | 28 (42.4) | 0.105 |
Smoking status | | | |
Never-smoker | 55 (61.1) | 24 (36.4) | 0.025* |
Ex-smoker | 21 (23.3) | 25 (37.9) | |
Current smoker | 12 (13.3) | 5 (7.6) | |
Died during follow-up## | 20 (22.2) | 22 (33.3) | 0.009* |
Relative FVC decline ≥15% during follow-up | 27 (30.0) | 11 (16.7) | 0.113 |
Visual HRCT progression during follow-up | 21 (23.3) | 18 (27.3) | 0.316 |