Performance | | | | |
V′O2 peak, mL·min−1 | −172 (−322– −16) | 0.031 | −283 (−459– −105) | 0.001 |
V′O2 peak, % pred | −6.6 (−11.9– −1.0) | 0.022 | −10.1 (−15.9– −4.2) | <0.001 |
V′O2 peak·kg−1, mL·kg−1·min−1 | −2.7 (−4.5– −0.9) | 0.003 | −3.0 (−5.0– −1.0) | 0.004 |
V′O2 peak·kg−1, % pred | −8.6 (−13.5– −3.4) | 0.001 | −8.2 (−13.8– −2.8) | 0.003 |
Perceived dyspnoea Borg CR-10 at max. load | 0.4 (−0.1–0.9) | 0.133 | −0.1 (−0.6–0.5) | 0.895 |
Ventilation | | | | |
V′E at max. load, L·min−1 | −1.8 (−8.2–5.0) | 0.620 | −4.9 (−13.7–4.0) | 0.280 |
Breathing reserve, % | 1.4 (−4.3–7.4) | 0.634 | 5.3 (−1.2–12.0) | 0.109 |
Circulation | | | | |
Heart rate at max. load, beats·min−1 | −5.5 (−10.1– −0.7) | 0.020 | −4.4 (−10.5–1.4) | 0.134 |
Heart rate at max. load, % pred | −3.4 (−6.1– −0.5) | 0.016 | −2.8 (−6.3–0.6) | 0.110 |
Systolic BP at max. load, mmHg | −12.3 (−21.5– −3.5) | 0.008 | −5.9 (−16.6–4.5) | 0.258 |
Diastolic BP at max. load, mmHg | −6 (−11.0–−1.3) | 0.014 | 2.4 (−2.5–7.3) | 0.335 |
Oxygen pulse at max. load, mL·stroke−1 | −0.7 (−1.5–0.2) | 0.150 | −1.4 (−2.4– −0.5) | 0.006 |
Oxygen pulse at max. load, % of predicted | −4.4 (−9.6–1.2) | 0.127 | −7.6 (−13.1– −2.1) | 0.009 |
Gas exchange | | | | |
V′E/V′CO2 slope | 2.1 (0.9–3.3) | 0.001 | 0.9 (−0.9–2.9) | 0.340 |
V′E/V′CO2 nadir | 1.0 (0.1–1.9) | 0.029 | 0.7 (−0.3–1.7) | 0.190 |
RER at max. load | −0.02 (−0.05–0.01) | 0.143 | 0.01 (−0.02–0.04) | 0.484 |
PETCO2 at AT, kPa | −0.12 (−0.26–0.02) | 0.095 | 0.08 (−0.06–0.22) | 0.255 |
PCO2 at max. load, kPa | −0.1 (−0.3–0.1) | 0.392 | 0.0 (−0.2–0.2) | 0.900 |
Anaerobic threshold | | | | |
V′O2 at AT, mL·min−1 (V-slope) | −40 (−136–66) | 0.513 | −34 (−134–68) | 0.502 |
V′O2 at AT, % pred V′O2max | −1.8 (−5.0–1.9) | 0.380 | −1.4 (−4.7–1.9) | 0.389 |
Lactate at max. load, mmol·L−1 | −0.5 (−1.5–0.5) | 0.286 | −0.1 (−1.4–1.2) | 0.842 |