| Indacaterol | Tiotropium | |
| Subjects n | 794 | 799 |
| Age yrs | 63.6±8.60 | 63.4±8.29 |
| Male/female | 70/30 | 67/33 |
| Duration of COPD yrs | 7.0±6.01 | 7.0±6.32 |
| ICS use | 54 | 56 |
| Ex-smoker/smoker | 55/45 | 56/44 |
| Smoking history pack-yrs | 43.2±20.87 | 41.8±19.81 |
| FEV1 post-bronchodilator L | 1.53±0.459 | 1.52±0.447 |
| FEV1 reversibility | 14.1±12.63 | 13.7±13.44 |
| FEV1 % pred post-bronchodilator | 54.6±12.80 | 54.3±12.81 |
| FEV1/FVC post-bronchodilator | 51.0±9.38 | 51.2±9.42 |
| Use of as-needed salbutamol puffs·day−1 | 3. 8±3.74 | 3.6±3.51 |
| BDI score | 6.8±2.2 | 6.8±2.23 |
| SGRQ score | 42.3±17.60 | 42.7±18.04 |
Data are presented as % or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; BDI: baseline dyspnoea index; SGRQ: St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.