| COPD patients | Male | Female | |
| Patients n | 1514 | 888 | 626 |
| Age yrs | 64±10 | 66±9 | 62±9# |
| BMI kg·m−2 % | 25±5 | 25±5 | 25±6 |
| <21 | 16 | 14 | 20 |
| 21–24 | 40 | 40 | 42 |
| 25–29 | 28 | 31 | 24 |
| ≥30 | 16 | 15 | 14 |
| FFMI kg·m−2 % | 16±2 | 17±2 | 15±2# |
| <16 | 24 | ||
| <15 | 39 | ||
| FEV1 % pred | 45±18 | 44±17 | 47±19# |
| FVC % pred | 92±23 | 90±22 | 95±24# |
| Inspiratory capacity L | 3.04±0.97 | 3.45±0.91 | 2.46±0.73# |
| GOLD I/II/III/IV % | 5/31/44/20 | 4/29/47/20 | 6/35/38/21 |
| MRC dyspnoea scale grade | 4±1 | 3±1 | 4±1# |
| MRC grade ≥2 % | 97 | 97 | 98 |
| BODE index points | 4±2 | 4±2 | 4±2 |
| LTOT % | 24 | 22 | 26 |
| Charlson index 1/2/>2 % | 59/23/18 | 53/26/22 | 69/19/12 |
| Rollator % | 32 | 28 | 37 |
| Cane % | 1.3 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| 6MWT T1 m | 391±127 | 405±128 | 372±124# |
| 6MWT T2 m | 418±127¶ | 430±128¶ | 399±122#,¶ |
| Δ6MWT m | 27±48 | 26±51 | 28±42 |
| Borg D baseline T1 points | 2.20±1.58 | 2.26±1.55 | 2.11±1.61 |
| Borg D baseline T2 points | 2.17±1.53 | 2.20±1.56 | 2.14±1.49 |
| ΔBorg D T1 points | 2.60±1.97 | 2.55±1.95 | 2.66±1.99 |
| ΔBorg D T2 points | 2.52±1.95 | 2.47±1.98 | 2.60±191 |
| Borg F baseline T1 points | 1.84±1.65 | 1.86±1.66 | 1.79±1.65 |
| Borg F baseline T2 points | 2.10±1.74¶ | 2.17±1.76¶ | 2.00±1.69 |
| ΔBorg F T1 points | 1.98±1.93 | 1.93±1.98 | 2.05±1.84 |
| ΔBorg F T2 points | 2.01±2.02 | 2.02±2.06 | 1.99±1.96 |
| Sp,O2 baseline T1 % | 94±2 | 94±4 | 95±5 |
| Sp,O2 baseline T2 % | 94±3 | 94±4 | 95±3# |
| ΔSp,O2 T1 % | -5.7±5.1 | -5.5±5.0 | -5.8±5.1 |
| ΔSp,O2 T2 % | -5.5±5.0 | -5.5±5.0 | -5.5±4.9 |
| fC baseline T1 beats·min−1 | 86±16 | 85±16 | 87±16# |
| fC baseline T2 beats·min−1 | 87±14 | 85±15 | 89±14# |
| ΔfC T1 beats·min−1 | 21±15 | 22±15 | 21±14 |
| ΔfC T2 beats·min−1 | 22±14 | 22±14 | 21±14 |
Data are expressed as mean±sd, unless otherwise indicated. BMI: body mass index; FFMI: fat-free mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; FVC: forced vital capacity; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; MRC: Medical Research Council; BODE: body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise capacity; LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; T1: first test, T2: second test, Borg D: Borg dyspnoea scale; Borg F: Borg fatigue scale; Sp,O2: arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry; fC: cardiac frequency. #: male versus female, p<0.0001; ¶: T1 versus T2, p<0.0001 for all.