Table 3– Effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in preventing hospitalisation for pneumonia
GroupSubjects nVaccinatedUnadjusted AnalysisAdjusted Analysis#
OR (95% CI)VE % (95% CI)OR (95% CI)VE % (95% CI)
Overall
 Cases489229 (46.8)1.01.0
 Controls1467750 (51.1)0.795 (0.628–1.007)20.5 (-0.7–37.2)0.764 (0.590–0.991)23.6 (0.9–41.0)
Immunosuppressed
 Cases20099 (49.5)1.01.0
 Controls681327 (54.5)0.793 (0.561–1.119)20.7 (-11.8–43.9)0.790 (0.525–1.187)21.0 (−18.7–47.5)
Immunocompetent
 Cases289130 (45.0)1.01.0
 Controls867423 (48.8)0.797 (0.576–1.102)20.3 (-10.2–42.4)0.764 (0.544–1.072)23.6 (−7.2–45.6)
  • Data are presented as n (%) or %, unless otherwise stated. VE: vaccination effectiveness #: for overall effectiveness, we adjusted for history of pneumonia, solid organ neoplasia, haematologic neoplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes mellitus. For immunosuppressed patients, we adjusted for history of pneumonia, solid organ neoplasia, haematologic neoplasia, and COPD. For immunocompetent patients, we adjusted for history of pneumonia, diabetes mellitus and tobacco use. : strata II and III combined.