Table 4– Multivariate logistic regression model explaining dyspnoea in the entire study population^#

Variable	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Female sex	1.60 (1.40–1.84)	<0.001
Pre-BD FEV₁ % pred	0.99 (0.99–0.99)	<0.001
Comorbidity score per additional comorbid condition	1.21 (1.13–1.30)	<0.001
Age per year	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.009
BMI per 1-kg·m⁻² change	1.06 (1.04–1.07)	<0.001
White race	0.79 (0.69–0.90)	<0.001
Education per year	0.97 (0.95–0.99)	<0.001
SF-12 physical score	0.93 (0.92–0.94)	<0.001
SF-12 mental score	0.96 (0.96–0.97)	<0.001
Wheeze	1.64 (1.41–1.91)	<0.001
Phlegm	1.55 (1.30–1.84)	<0.001
Cough	1.55 (1.31–1.84)	<0.001

BD: bronchodilator. FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; % pred: % predicted; BMI: body mass index; SF-12: Short Form 12. ^#: n = 5,220.